鐵之狂傲

標題: 『每日軍事武器鑑賞』- V-22「鶚鳥式」可傾斜旋翼機 [列印本頁]

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 16:53
標題: 『每日軍事武器鑑賞』- V-22「鶚鳥式」可傾斜旋翼機
V-22 Osprey
The V-22 Osprey is a tiltrotor vertical/short takeoff and landing (VSTOL), multi-mission air-craft developed to fill multi-Service combat operational requirements. The MV-22 will replace the current Marine Corps assault helicopters in the medium lift category (CH-46E and CH-53D), contributing to the dominant maneuver of the Marine landing force, as well as supporting focused logistics in the days following commencement of an amphibious operation. The Air Force variant, the CV-22, will replace the MH-53J and MH-60G and augment the MC-130 fleet in the USSOCOM Special Operations mission. The Air Force requires the CV-22 to provide a long-range VTOL insertion and extraction capability. The tiltrotor design combines the vertical flight capabilities of a helicopter with the speed and range of a turboprop airplane and permits aerial refueling and world-wide self deployment.



Two 6150 shaft horsepower turboshaft engines each drive a 38 ft diameter, 3-bladed proprotor. The proprotors are connected to each other by interconnect shafting which maintains proprotor synchronization and provides single engine power to both proprotors in the event of an engine failure. The engines and flight controls are controlled by a triply redundant digital fly-by-wire system.

The airframe is constructed primarily of graphite-reinforced epoxy composite material. The composite structure will provide improved strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and damage tolerance compared to typical metal construction. Battle damage tolerance is built into the aircraft by means of composite construction and redundant and separated flight control, electrical, and hydraulic systems. An integrated electronic warfare defensive suite including a radar warning receiver, a missile warning set, and a countermeasures dispensing system, will be installed.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 16:53
BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The V-22 is being developed to meet the provisions of the April 1995 Joint Multi-Mission Vertical Lift Aircraft (JMVX) Operational Requirements Document (ORD) for an advanced vertical lift aircraft. The JMVX ORD calls for an aircraft that would provide the Marine Corps and Air Force the ability to conduct assault support and long-range, high-speed missions requiring vertical takeoff and landing capabilities.

Since entry into FSD in 1986, the V-22 T&E program has concentrated principally on engineering and integration testing by the contractors. Three periods of formal development test by Naval Air Warfare Center-Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) Patuxent River, plus OTA participation in integrated test team (ITT) activities at Patuxent River, have provided some insight into the success of the development effort. After transition to EMD in 1992, an integrated contractor/government test team conducted all tests until OT-IIA in 1994. Since then, two additional periods of OT&E have been conducted.

The first operational test period (OT-IIA) was performed by COMOPTEVFOR, with assistance from AFOTEC, from May 16 to July 8, 1994, and accomplished 15 hours of actual flight test operations, within an extremely restricted flight envelope. The Navy, with Air Force support, published a joint evaluation report addressing most mission areas the V-22 is to perform.

OT-IIB was conducted from September 9, to October 18, 1995, and comprised 10 flight hours in 18 OT&E flights, plus ground evaluations. A joint Air Force/Navy OT-IIB report was published. Partly in response to DOT&E concern expressed over the severity of V-22 downwash in a hover observed during OT-IIA, the Navy conducted a limited downwash assessment concurrently with OT-IIB, from July to October 1995.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 16:54



TEST & EVALUATION ACTIVITY

In accordance with the approved TEMP, OT-IIC was conducted in six phases at NAS Patuxent River and Bell-Boeing facilities in Pennsylvania and Texas, from October 1996, through May 1997.

Significant flight limitations were placed on the FSD V-22 in OT&E to date, including:

not cleared to hover over unprepared landing zones until OT-IIC
no operational internal or external loads or passengers
moderate gross weights only
not cleared to hover over water.
In addition, FSD aircraft equipment was not representative of any mission configuration. Together, these aircraft clearance and configuration limits produced an extremely artificial test environment for OT-IIC.

The OT-IIB report expressed serious concerns regarding the potential downwash effects, and recommended further investigation. While a limited assessment of downwash and workaround procedures was included in OT-IIC, complete resolution of the downwash issue will not be possible until the completion of OPEVAL, just prior to milestone III in 1999.

The Navy is conducting an aggressive LFT&E program on representative V-22 components and assemblies, in compliance with a DOT&E-approved alternative LFT&E plan. The V-22 program was granted a waiver from full-up, system-level LFT&E in April, 1997. The vulnerability testing that the program is performing is appropriate and will result in the improvement of aircraft survivability.

The V-22 program TEMP was last approved by DOT&E on September 28, 1995, and will be updated prior to each OT&E period scheduled.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 16:54
TEST & EVALUATION ASSESSMENT

With DOT&E encouragement, the Navy greatly expanded the scope of OT-IIC to get better insight into the effectiveness and suitability of the EMD design. The results, while not yet conclusive regarding the potential operational effectiveness and suitability of operational aircraft, were encouraging. The six phases of the OT-IIC Assessment included: (1) shipboard assessment, (2) maintenance demonstrations, (3) tactical aircraft employment via FSD aircraft and manned flight simulator, (4) operational training plans, (5) program documentation review, and (6) software analysis.

In assessing the operational effectiveness and suitability COIs, COMOPTEVFOR and AFOTEC found that in most cases, only moderate risk exists that the COIs will not be satisfactorily resolved when development is complete. Enhancing features observed during OT-IIC included aircraft payload, range and speed characteristics better than the stated operational requirements. In addition, reliability, availability and maintainability of the EMD aircraft appeared to be significantly improved over those of the FSD aircraft.

Several areas of concern first discovered in OT-IIA or OT-IIB remain unresolved because of limitations to the EMD flight test operations. These concerns include severe proprotor downwash effects during personnel insertion and extraction via hoist or rope. In addition, concerns exist in the areas of communications, navigation , and crew field of view. New concerns arising from OT-IIC regarding the EMD schedule are being addressed by the program manager. Also, the reliability and maintainability of a few subsystems will require management attention. Despite these concerns, the V-22 design remains potentially operationally effective and suitable.


The aircraft's prime contractors include Boeing Company's helicopter division in Ridley Park, PA, and Bell Helicopter Textron of Fort Worth TX.

In 1986 the cost of a single V-22 was estimated at $24 million, with 923 aircraft to be built. In 1989 the Bush administration cancelled the project, at which time the unit cost was estimated at $35 million, with 602 aircraft. The V-22 question caused friction between Secretary of Defense Richard B. Cheney and Congress throughout his tenure. DoD spent some of the money Congress appropriated to develop the aircraft, but congressional sources accused Cheney, who continued to oppose the Osprey, of violating the law by not moving ahead as Congress had directed. Cheney argued that building and testing the prototype Osprey would cost more than the amount appropriated. In the spring of 1992 several congressional supporters of the V-22 threatened to take Cheney to court over the issue. A little later, in the face of suggestions from congressional Republicans that Cheney's opposition to the Osprey was hurting President Bush's reelection campaign, especially in Texas and Pennsylvania where the aircraft would be built, Cheney relented and suggested spending $1.5 billion in fiscal years 1992 and 1993 to develop it. He made clear that he personally still opposed the Osprey and favored a less costly alternative.
The program was revived by the incoming Clinton administration, and current plans call for building 458 Ospreys for $37.3 billion, or more than $80 million apiece, with the Marines receiving 360 Ospreys, the Navy 48 and the Air Force 50. The first prototype flew in 1989. As of early 2000 three test aircraft had crashed: no one was killed in the 1991 crash, an accident in 1992 killed seven men, and the third in April 2000 killed 19 Marines.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 16:54
Specifications
Primary functionAmphibious assault transport of troops, equipment and supplies from assault ships and land bases
Prime Contractor(s)
Boeing Defense and Space Group, Philadelphia, PA
Bell Helicopter Textron, Ft Worth, TX
Allison Engine Company, Indianapolis, IN
DescriptionThe V-22 Osprey is a multi-engine, dual-piloted, self-deployable, medium lift, vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) tiltrotor aircraft designed for combat, combat support, combat service support, and Special Operations missions worldwide. It will replace the Corps' aged fleet of CH-46E and CH-53D medium lift helicopters
VariantsCV-22 will be utilized by the Air Force for their Special Operations missions maintaining maximum commonality with the MV-22. Aircraft avionics peculiar to the Air Force unique mission requirements constitute aircraft differences. HV-22 will be used Navy the for Combat Search and Rescue and fleet logistics support.
Length57' 4" - Spread
63' 0" - Folded
Width84' 7" - Spread
18' 5" - Folded
Height22' 1" - Spread
18' 1" - Folded
Takeoff Weights47,500 lb Vertical Takeoff/Landing (VTOL)
55,000 lb Short Takeoff/Landing (STOL)
60,500 lb Self Deploy STO
Range200nm Pre-Assault Raid with 18 troops
200nm Land Assault with 24 troops
50 nm (x2) Amphibious Assault
500 nm Long Range SOF Missions (USAF/CV-22)
2100 nm Self Deploy (with one refueling)
50 nm External Lift Operations with 10,000 lb load
Cruise Airspeed240 kts (MV-22)
230 kts (CV-22)
MilestonesFirst Flight - March 19, 1989
First Sea Trials - USS Wasp (LHD-1), December, 1990, Aircraft # 3 & 4
First EMD Flight - February 5, 1997
2nd Sea Trials - USS Saipan (LHA-2), January, 1999, Aircraft #10
First LRIP Delivery - May 25, 1999
OPEVAL - Scheduled October, 1999 to May, 2000
Full Rate Production - First Quarter, 2001
IOC - USMC - 2001; US SOCOM - 2004

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 16:55
Unit Cost $40.1M (Total Program Recurring Flyaway, Constant Year, FY94$)
Number Procured 12 MV-22(authorized through FY98)
Planned Inventory348 MV-22 (USMC)
50 CV-22 (USAF)
48 HV-22 (USN)
Deployed toMV-22s will be deployed to all Marine Corps medium lift active duty and reserve tactical squadrons, the medium lift training squadron (FRS), and the executive support squadron (HMX)

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 16:55






作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 16:57
























(文章來自:美國貝爾直升機)

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 17:00
Q:

美國的V-22到底算飛機還是算直升機?


A:

雖說是貝爾直升機公司製的第一架直昇機,但基本上美國將它編在”多軍種先進垂直起落飛機”’上

也就是新機種"未來旋翼機"中,算是飛機的一種。

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 17:00
V-22「鶚」式飛機

貝爾公司根據XV-15的發展經驗與基礎,1981年向美國國防部提出三軍聯合先進垂直升力飛機(Joint Services Advanced Vertical Lift Aircraft,JVX)計畫,這是種多重用途飛機,能與美軍當時的運輸用直升機搭配,或直接取代直升機的角色,優異的性能符合美國三軍的需要。美國國防部接受了JVX計畫提案,之後貝爾公司發展出V-22鶚鳥(Osprey)式系列飛機。

一)任務簡介:作為一種多用途飛機,V-22鶚鳥式的主要任務是作為美軍陸戰隊的兩棲突擊運輸機。由於陸戰隊的CH-46「海武士」和CH-53「超級種馬」兩款運輸直升機都已過於老舊,許多甚至是超過40年役齡且經過多次延壽的骨董飛機,因此鶚鳥式對美軍陸戰隊來說是一大福音,可有效解決現役運輸直升機飛安與妥善率不佳的問題。


(二)效益卓越:鶚鳥式在美軍陸戰隊的型號是MV-22。與現有的CH-46海武士直升機相比,它的戰鬥巡航速度和作戰半徑分別增加1倍和5倍,而且運轉的噪音減低4倍。假設美軍陸戰隊計畫對150浬外的登陸點進行兵力投射,使用現役的CH-46或CH-53需10小時以上,使用MV-22則僅需2小時,因此其任務效益相當明顯。

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 17:01
(三)V-22鶚鳥式飛機簡介

1.整體設計:V-22鶚鳥式的構型基本上承襲XV-15,不過機身和主翼經過局部修改與優化處理,以適合運輸和裝載之用。它的機尾貨艙門採用類似運輸機的上開式斜坡道設計,裝載人員和輕型裝備相當簡易。

2.技術混血:鶚鳥式雖然由貝爾公司研製,不過波音公司也是合作夥伴。其中輪艙、空調系、燃油系、主翼面和傳動系統是由貝爾公司研製,而機身段、起落架組裝、電氣系、油壓系和航電組合則是由波音公司負責。波音公司在研製大型民航機和CH-46/47所獲得的豐富經驗與技術,也大量運用於鶚鳥式上。

3.結構與材料:其機身結構主要以鋁合金為桁樑,搭配複合材料蒙皮;結構件有超過4成使用聚脂石墨複合材料和輕金屬件;旋葉片是玻璃纖維組成的蜂巢板結構,以抗高扭力變形;機鼻罩和發動機派龍採用強化塑膠為材料;乘員座椅則大量使用輕量石化材料以減輕機重。

4.飛控系統:採用直升機中罕見的三重線傳飛控系統,飛行控制系、自動處理器、飛控電腦皆各有3套,其中2套飛控系統是備用的,只有在主系統失效時才會啟用。鶚鳥式的飛控系統頗為複雜,飛行時線傳飛控系統會傳訊號給油壓啟動器,以控制飛機的各操縱面,而飛控電腦則是龐大的飛行資料與外在環境的感測介面,負責處理大量回饋資料。鶚鳥式由垂直起降轉為水平飛行時,所有的控制面,包括副翼、水平尾翼和垂直尾翼都在航速40節時生效,集體桿的操縱在飛控系統介入下逐步失去效用,當航速超過100節時,就完全由迴旋桿取代。

5.發動機:使用勞斯萊斯和艾利森(Allison)共同發展的T-406型渦輪軸發動機,最大輸出6,150軸馬力。T-406型發動機是由C-130運輸機使用的 T-58發動機衍生而來,兩者有超過8成的零件共通,這對整體後勤而言是一大利基。

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 17:01
6.配備

(1) 重要任務裝備:有機鼻內的AN/APQ-174D地貌追蹤雷達、AN/ANQ-27前視紅外線夜視裝置、長程目標雷射定位器等。

(2) 自衛裝備:包括AN/AAR-47飛彈預警系統、AN/APR-39雷達警告系統、紅外線警告系統、AN/ALE-47金屬散布器、雷達訊號干擾器等,另外在每具發動機派龍的後方都配備有漢偉公司的紅外線熱源抑制器,以大幅降低發動機噴嘴的紅外線訊號強度。

(3) 武器:鶚鳥式最初沒有配備武器的計畫,不過陸戰隊的MV-22將配備三管50公厘機砲砲塔,其射速為每分鐘1,000發,彈艙內可容納750發彈藥。

7.工作能力:鶚鳥式的工作能力超過現有直升機的2倍以上,其最大滯空升限為14,000呎,遠高於直升機的4,000呎,最大平飛升限為26,000呎,更是遠超過直升機。鶚鳥式的最大平飛速度為275節,幾乎與C-130H相當,以直升機模式飛行時,也會有100節的平飛速度。鶚鳥式的垂直最大爬升速度每分鐘約為1,000呎,正常酬載時僅需500呎的長度即可升空,具備優異的短場起降能力。在3,000呎的中、低空飛行時,C-130H受限於地表的大氣效率,航速會因碩大的機身拖曳力而漸低,而V-22鶚鳥式仍可維持最大航速,這種特殊的飛行性能是傳統飛機所缺乏的。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 17:02
三、美軍使用V-22鶚鳥式的計畫

鶚鳥式具備操作安靜、遠距滲透性佳的特性(儘管載員能力較低),是執行特種作戰任務的理想機型。除了美軍陸戰隊,美國陸軍、海軍和空軍也將購買V-22系列飛機。以下歸納美軍購買V-22鶚鳥式飛機的計畫:

(一)美軍陸戰隊:購買360架MV-22B,編組中型傾斜旋翼機中隊(VMM:Medium Tilt-Rotor Squadron),未來將逐漸淘汰中重型直升機中隊(HMH:Heavy Helicopter Squadron)現用的CH-46和CH-53,擔任運輸突擊部隊和裝備之用,戰時將配合AH-1W/Z攻擊直升機、UH-1N/Z通用直升機、空中密接支援用的AV-8B戰機共同作戰。

(二)美國陸軍:雖基於經費因素取消採購案,不過仍保留對此機的需求,未來將執行救護、特戰、戰鬥支援等任務。

(三)美國海軍:將購買48架MV-22B,執行戰鬥搜救任務。

(四)美國空軍:計畫購買50架CV-22B,用於汰除MH-53M執行特戰任務。

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 17:02
四、V-22將重返天際

  回顧可傾斜旋翼飛機的發展,過程相當坎坷。以即將服役的鶚鳥式為例,原型機問世迄今已超過20年,2年前還因測試機發生多次事故險些危及生產計畫。然而鶚鳥式已度過風雨飄搖的時期,據說美軍曾祕密在阿富汗和伊拉克讓鶚鳥式接受戰場試驗,表現相當受到肯定。

曾被視為戰機研發領域革命性設計的V-22垂直起降飛機,正加速進行研發測試,並陸續展開空中加油、電子作戰等測試工作,預計2005年展開作戰測評,為該型機的投產服役,奠定更堅固的基礎。此外,貝爾公司目前還推出同樣使用可傾斜旋翼技術的BA609民用機和鷹眼(Eagle Eye)無人飛行載具,且已接獲外國訂單,顯示可傾斜旋翼技術已完全成熟,並受到市場歡迎。

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 17:03
規格
主要作用 隊伍、設備和供應兩棲攻擊運輸從攻擊船和土地基地
頭等Contractor(s)
波音防禦和空間小組, 費城, PA
響鈴直昇機Textron, Ft 價值, TX
Allison Engine Company, 印第安納波利斯,


描述 V-22 Osprey 是多引擎、雙重被駕駛的, 自已可部署, 中等推力、垂直的起飛和著陸(VTOL) tiltrotor 航空器被設計為作戰、戰役支持、戰備勤務, 和特別行動使命全世界。它將替換CH-46E 和CH-53D 中等推力軍團的年邁的艦隊直昇機
變形 CV-22 將由空軍運用為他們的特別行動使命維護最大公共與MV-22 。航空器航空電子學奇怪對空軍獨特的使命要求構成航空器區別。
HV-22 將是半新海軍為作戰查尋並且搶救和艦隊後勤學支持。


長度 57' 4"- 傳播
63' 0"- 摺疊
寬度 84' 7"- 傳播
18' 5"- 摺疊
高度 22' 1"- 傳播
18' 1"- 摺疊
起飛重量 47,500 磅垂直的Takeoff/Landing (VTOL)
55,000 磅短缺Takeoff/Landing (STOL)
60,500 磅自已部署STO

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 17:03
範圍 200nm 前攻擊襲擊與18 支隊伍
200nm 土地攻擊與24 隊伍
50 毫微米(x2) 兩棲攻擊
500 個毫微米長距離SOF 使命(USAF/CV-22)
2100 毫微米自已部署(用你加油)
50 毫微米外在推力操作以10,000 磅裝載
巡航空速 240 kts (MV-22)
230 kts (CV-22)
里程碑 第一班飛行- 1989 年3月19 日
第一次海試驗- USS 黃蜂(LHD-1), 1990 年12月, 航空器# 3 & 4
第一次EMD 飛行- 1997 年2月5 日
第2 海試驗- USS Saipan (LHA-2), 航空器1月1999 年, #10
第一LRIP 交付- 1999 年5月25 日
OPEVAL - 預定1999 年10月到2000 年5月
Full-rate 生產- 第一季度2001 年
IOC - USMC - 2001 年; 美國SOCOM - 2004 年
單位成本 $40.1M (總節目復發寬鬆, 恆定的年, FY94$)
數字獲得了 12 Mv 22(authorized 通過FY98)
計劃的存貨 348 MV-22 (USMC)
50 CV-22 (美國空軍)
48 HV-22 (USN)
部署 Mv 22s 在所有海軍陸戰隊中等推力現役和儲備作戰分譴艦隊、中等推力訓練分譴艦隊(FRS), 和行政支持分譴艦隊將被部署(HMX)

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 17:04
由達信貝爾直升機公司與波音公司聯合研製的雙發傾轉旋翼機,是在貝爾301/XV-15的基礎上發展而來的。1981年底美國政府提出「多軍種先進垂直起落飛機」計劃〔JVX〕,1982年由美國陸軍負責,1983年1月這項計劃轉交給美國海軍,1985年1月正式命名為V-22「魚鷹」。1988年5月首架原型機出廠,1989年3月首飛,1989年9月進行了從直升機飛行方式轉換成定翼機飛行方式的首次飛行。主要型別有MV-22A,海軍基本運輸型,替代CH-46與CH-53,原計劃需552架,現削減至425架,可在370千米活動半徑內,以463千米/小時速度運送3名機組人員與24名全副武裝士兵,預計1999年首次交付;HV-22A,美國海軍戰鬥搜索和救援型,可執行特種作戰和後勤支援任務,替代HH-3直升機,需48架,預計2010年首次交付;CV-22A,美國空軍遠程特殊作戰型,可在964千米半徑內,以463千米/小時速度運送12名士兵,預計2003年首次交付;SV-22A,美海軍反潛型,用於替代固定翼飛機S-3。

  總體佈局 旋轉螺旋槳有3片槳葉,兩副旋翼反向旋轉,有動力折疊機構。可由前飛狀態轉換到傾斜的進近或懸停狀態,發動機、傳動系統和旋翼螺旋槳傾轉97度30分。如果一台發動機停車,交叉梁可保證2副旋翼螺旋槳都轉動。懸臂式上單翼,等剖面翼型,略前掠,可轉動90度放置,以減少停放空間,便於在航空母艦上使用。液壓操縱可收放的前三點式起落架。

  動力裝置 2台艾利遜T406-AD-400〔501-M80C〕渦軸發動機,單台起飛額定功率4586千瓦。

  主要機載設備 通訊電台、敵我識別系統、AN/APQ-174地形跟蹤雷達、全向無線電信標/紅外干擾、雷達高度表、數字地圖顯示、夜視系統、集成頭盔顯示系統。

  尺寸數據 旋翼直徑11.58米,翼展〔包括發動機短艙〕15.52米,機寬〔旋翼旋轉〕25.55米,旋翼中心距14.25米,機長〔機翼收起、旋翼折疊〕19.09米,機高〔發動機短艙垂直〕6.63米。

  重量及載荷 空重14800千克,正常任務起飛重量〔垂直起飛〕21545千克,〔短距起飛〕24947千克。

  性能數據 最大巡航速度〔海平面、直升機狀態〕185千米/小時,〔飛機狀態〕509千米/小時,最大垂直爬升率〔海平面〕5.5米/秒,實用升限7925千米,懸停高度〔無地效〕4331米,航程〔兩棲攻擊任務〕953千米,航程〔短距起飛、總重27441千克〕3892千米, 航程〔垂直起飛、總重21146千克、有效載荷5443千克〕2224千米。

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 17:05
美國的航太科技獨步全球,從各類型戰機、民航機、衛星、飛彈、火箭乃至無人飛行載具,不但產品種類完整,而且性能優異、品質可靠,因此各國目前都大量使用美製飛機。美國為確保本身的優勢,持續投入龐大資金研發航太科技,其中有一項技術是美國獨有的,就是可傾斜旋翼(Tilt Rotor)技術。這項技術歷經50年的研發,業已完全成熟,即將在軍用機與民用機市場大放光采。

可傾斜旋翼技術簡介

  可傾斜旋翼技術是美國貝爾直升機(Bell Helicopter)公司(目前隸屬於Textron集團)的獨門絕活,是發展潛力雄厚的先進航空技術。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-4-20 17:06
軍事新聞:

美軍“魚鷹”戰機是多面手

美國空軍于5月20日在凱特蘭空軍基地組建完成第一個“魚鷹”V-22傾轉旋翼機訓練中隊,圍繞V-22用於運送特種作戰部隊的設計初衷展開系統訓練。

像直升機一樣起飛

  V-22傾轉旋翼機由美國著名的貝爾公司和波音公司共同研製,于1989年完成首次試飛,並首先獲得美國海軍陸戰隊的青睞,在殘酷的軍火競爭中搶佔了一席之地。

  V-22的獨特設計在於機翼兩端翼尖各安裝了一部旋轉式短艙,兩個短艙內各裝有一台渦輪發動機,短艙頭部各裝有一副由3片槳葉組成的旋翼,槳葉由石墨纖維製成,平面形狀為梯形。當旋轉短艙垂直向上時,V-22就可以像直升機一樣垂直起飛,當達到一定的飛行高度和速度後,旋轉式短艙向前轉動90度到水準位置,V-22便又可以像普通固定翼飛機一樣向前飛行。從目前公佈的資料來看,V-22集中了多種飛行器的優點,兼具“鷂”式戰機的垂直起降、直升機的空中懸停以及飛機的速度。

兩棲作戰新工具

  此次成立訓練中隊是V-22在美國空軍界取得的一大突破,而對於美國海軍陸戰隊來說,“魚鷹”早已成為大兵的夥伴和寵兒。除了設計性能出眾之外,“魚鷹”在海軍陸戰隊獲寵的重要原因在於,為了更好地實現美國在全球的戰略利益,進入新世紀的美國海軍陸戰隊制訂出自己新的作戰理論,這一理論為“魚鷹”大行其道打開了方便之門,使“魚鷹”在現實作戰需要中找到了“伯樂”。

  美國海軍陸戰隊新的作戰準則稱作“遠征機動作戰”理論,其核心目標是以海軍陸戰隊為主體進行遠征機動作戰,將二戰時期硫磺島式搶灘登陸的老舊戰術轉型為現代機動作戰的概念,並以支援在全球近岸地區執行作戰任務的聯合部隊為主要目標。這一作戰準則將與美國海軍“海上基地設置”的概念相配合,優先考慮作戰部隊的海上規劃、管理及主動作戰,而減少對陸上基地的依賴。

  工欲善其事,必先利其器。美軍實現“遠征機動作戰”理論的關鍵就在於提高空運尤其是由海向陸的兵力投送能力,而這正是V-22當仁不讓的強項,“魚鷹”也因此獲得海軍陸戰隊的重視。2003年12月24日,美海軍陸戰隊還正式展開新的間接火力支援武器平臺的招標,該項目稱作“遠征火力支援系統”,主要目的就是為V-22選裝一種火力支援武器,使“魚鷹”能夠更好地為地面部隊提供火力支援,成為新的美軍“空中炮艇”,該武器系統具備初始作戰能力的時間已經定在2006財年。


來源:國際線上-世界新聞報
作者: aesir    時間: 07-4-20 20:41
我記得在川口開治的漫畫-《次元艦隊》一書中的“未來”號上就有一架V-22耶!很期待將來能看到它在天空中翱翔的身影呢!




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