鐵之狂傲

標題: 《DD-21計畫》DDG-1000 松華特級(Zumwalt)陸攻驅逐艦 [列印本頁]
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:47
標題: 《DD-21計畫》DDG-1000 松華特級(Zumwalt)陸攻驅逐艦
DD-21 Zumwalt
DD-21計畫  : DDG-1000 松華特級陸攻驅逐艦




原文:

The DD-21 Zumwalt-class Land Attack Destroyer replaces the DD 963 and FFG 7 Classes of destroyer and frigate in today's inventory. The DD 21 System will provide an advanced level of land attack in support of the ground campaign and contribute to naval, joint and combined battlespace dominance in littoral operations. The DD 21 will be a true fleet destroyer, capable of handling any mission that a Fleet commander might ask, from key wartime missions in land attack and undersea warfare to the equally important presence missions, noncombatant evacuations, escort, and diplomatic missions that have been closely associated with Navy destroyers for almost a century.

Like today's Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyers, DD 21 will be a multi-mission ship, capable of providing forward presence and deterrence, and operating as a vital part of naval, joint and combined maritime forces to gain battlespace dominance in littoral operations. But unlike today's destroyers, DD 21's primary mission will be land attack support for ground forces. Armed with 5-inch/62 extended range guided munitions and 155mm Howitzers, the ship will provide naval gunfire support up to 100 miles inland. A land attack missile system will extend support between 100 and 200 miles. Tactical Tomahawk missiles will be able to reach targets from 200 to 1,600 nautical miles.

DD 21 will have the most advanced undersea warfare combat systems ever installed on a surface combatant. The ship's hangar will house attack helicopters as well as a system of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). In concert with other ships, DD 21 will contribute surveillance and force to establish and maintain local air superiority.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:47
續:

The DD 21 program emphasizes more than just improved offensive and defensive capabilities. Because DD 21's design will incorporate only the most advanced systems and materials on the market today, ships of the class can remain battle-ready with minimal maintenance and greatly reduced manpower. Design characteristics such as submarine-like survivability and a significantly reduced radar signature, achieved through a fully integrated topside design, will significantly expand the mission of the surface combatant.

As with previous destroyer designs, DD 21 will be focused on the key mission areas facing the nation and the Navy during its design phase. The Navy believes it needs a destroyer that is capable of exceptional performance in the littoral regions of the world and one that can provide significant support to forces ashore. As a result, DD 21 must excel in mission areas that include land attack and maritime dominance. DD 21 will provide an advanced level of land attack in support of the ground campaign, while contributing to naval, joint, and combined battlespace dominance in littoral operations. Given the large inventory of upgraded CG 47 and new DDG 51 Class ships that will be in the fleet by the time the first few DD 21 class ships begin to join the fleet after 2008, a robust self defense capability in air defense will be sufficient for this ship.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:48
DD-21計畫 Zumwalt 3D示意圖:


作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:49
原文:
The DD 21 ships must possess the operational flexibility to meet the multimission forward presence and war-fighting requirements of the littoral environment and employ self defense against the threats documented in the 21st Century Surface Combatant Program System Threat Assessment Report. The DD 21 ships must also be capable of taking advantage of and maintaining the benefits of the military revolution stimulated by the rapid advances in information and information related technologies and exploit them through automation and system architectures capable of disseminating information to widely dispersed and dissimilar units to achieve an overall dominant maneuver concept of operations, as outlined in Joint Vision 2010 and concepts for future joint operations.


Beginning with the first ship award in 2004, the Navy plans to acquire 32 DD 21s at a rate of three ships per year, each with an expected service life of 35 years. The lead ship is expected to be delivered to the Navy in 2008, with subsequent production timed to coincide with the conclusion of production of the DDG-51 class. The DD 21s will enter the Fleet as the Spruance (DD-963)-class destroyers (31 ships commissioned from 1975 to 1983) and the Oliver Hazard Perry (FFG-7)-class frigates (51 ships commissioned from 1977 to 1989) retire, sustaining the 116-ship surface combatant force level validated by the 1997 Quadrennial Defense Review.

According to the FY2001 Authorization Conference Report of 13 October 2000, it is the sense of Congress that there are compelling reasons for starting the program for constructing the DD 21 destroyer during fiscal year 2004 with available procurement funds and continuing with sequential construction of DD 21 class destroyers during the ensuing fiscal years until 32 DD 21 class destroyers have been constructed. The Report also noted that the establishment of a stable configuration for the first 10 DD 21 class destroyers should enable the construction of those ships with the greatest capabilities at the lowest cost.

The Secretary of Defense was directed to submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives, not later than April 18, 2001, a report on the Navy's plan for the acquisition and maintenance of DD 21 class destroyers. The report shall include a discussion of commencing construction of the first destroyer in that class during fiscal year 2004, with delivery of the completed ship during fiscal year 2009, and delaying commencement of construction of the next destroyer in that class until fiscal year 2006. The other alternative to be considered was commencing construction of the first destroyer in that class during fiscal year 2005 (rather than fiscal year 2004), with advance procurement during fiscal year 2004 and delivery of the completed ship during fiscal year 2010, and delaying commencement of construction of the next destroyer in that class until fiscal year 2007 (rather than fiscal year 2006).
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:50
武器系統年代:





The DD 21 achieved Milestone I with the signing of the Acquisition Decision Memorandum (ADM) by Dr. Gansler, USD (A&T), on 12 January 1998. The Navy released the DD 21 formal solicitation 24 March 1998 with proposals due 22 May 1998. This solicitation is unique in that it departs from using traditional Federal Acquisition Regulations and Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation contract clauses. This approach will provide greater market competition for DD 21 development, increased industry innovation, and decreased Navy oversight in the early phases, among other advantages.

There are only two shipbuilders building the DDG 51 Class. The Navy believes that there are more than two shipbuilders capable of building future surface combatants. The shipyard concept is to have two shipbuilders on board for the completion of systems design (Phase III) and detailed design and construction of the DD 21 lead ship (Phase IV and V) so that both shipbuilders will have input in the design and both will have the knowledge to build DD 21旧. The Navy desires long term shipbuilder competition throughout the 32 ship construction period.


The Navy has established a new Program Executive Office (PEO) responsible for producing the DD 21 System including associated systems, which is organizationally independent and is focused on obtaining the most innovative design that meets the DD 21 Objectives. The DD 21 Collaborative Engineering Data Center (CEDC) is located at NSWCDD, Dahlgren, VA. The primary function of the CEDC is to provide a facility in which Industry can research government information and data. It is not a facility where analytical and engineering product development will occur.

The Navy desires to maximize industry innovative solutions for DD 21. Accordingly, there has been no determination to use DDG 51 designs, solutions, processes, systems or shipyards. Rumors to the contrary, the Navy states that there is no "DDG 51 Class Transition" program under which later DDG 51 class ships would be configured to accommodate DD 21 mission systems and would perhaps then evolve to become the DD 21 Class. There is no plan, proposal, or program under consideration that causes DDG 51 ships to meet DD 21 requirements. There is a DDG 51 baseline upgrade plan that incrementally improves DDG 51 systems in a time phased manner. These improvements are centered on currently planned upgrades included in Aegis Baseline 6 Phase III, Baseline 7 Phase I, Baseline 7 Phase II, and selected implementation of Smart Ship technologies. Some of these capabilities are planned for backfit into CG 47 class ships.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:50
The Navy is currently evaluating the benefits of incorporating other programs into this DD 21 acquisition, including the following:

Advanced Computing - 21 (ADCON-21)
Vertical Gun for Advanced Ships (VGAS)
Multi-function Radar (MFR)
Under Sea Warfare -21 (USW-21)
Naval Surface Fire Support Weapon Control System (NWCS)
Integrated Propulsion System (IPS)
Volume Search Radar (VSR)
Integrated Topside Design (ITD)


It is envisioned that the decision to incorporate some or all of these programs into the DD 21 acquisition will occur during Phase I, and will be implemented into each of the Contractor's agreement during the later part of Phase I or the beginning of Phase II.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:51
The Navy has incorporated the Maritime Fire Support Demonstrator (MFSD) lessons learned into the DD 21 program. This included transferring the MFSD contract deliverables and the bulk of the people working on MFSD to the DD 21 Program Office. Analysis of all three Maritime Fire Support Demonstrator proposals has been completed, and the good aspects of the program, of which there were many, are being incorporated in the DD 21 and CVX programs. The Navy incorporated the MFSD lessons learned into the DD 21 program. Besides transferring all of the contract deliverables and most of the personnel supporting the MFSD program to the DD 21 Program Office, the Navy also incorporated key MFSD precepts into the DD 21 acquisition strategy including:


Early industry involvement to reduce life-cycle costs and to focus contractor expertise on total ship integration.

The use of Section 845 contracting strategy to encourage Industry participation and innovation.

Employment of state-of-the-art engineering tools for Modeling and Simulation and Computer Aided Design (CAD) to explore the effects of alternative system characteristics on system performance and life cycle cost.

Extensive use of commercial components to meet the cost effectiveness requirements levied on the program.

Integration of industry risk mitigation techniques along with an appropriate mix of at-sea and land-based testing.

Use of "Cost as an Independent Variable" (CAIV) principles to ensure meeting the cost and affordability goals of the program.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:51
續:

The Navy has completed a review of the MFSD industry team proposals, and has determined that a significant number of the technical concepts used for MFSD are also applicable to DD 21. Two examples are revolutionary manning and signature reduction initiatives. Although the MFSD program was not afforded the opportunity to demonstrate these and other innovative technologies at sea, the effort pursued for MFSD supports the requirements levied upon for DD 21.

Cost is a key factor in the design of these ships. Projected shipbuilding budgets, declining operations and maintenance budgets, coupled with plans to recapitalize submarine, aircraft carrier, and logistics fleets in the early 21st Century dictate that DD 21 must be an affordable ship to build and operate. This has led the Navy to seek, and find, new approaches to ship design and acquisition and apply them to DD 21. The DD 21 program is fostering increased industry involvement and enhanced opportunities for industry competition through use of innovative acquisition strategies and is currently considering use of Section 845/804 authority for the first portion of the DD 21 development process. The surface combatant acquisition community has been completely reorganized to allow for this, and the Navy's FY 2000 budget request will show a significant realignment of DD 21 funding request as the full effects of the revolutionary acquisition strategy for DD 21 take effect. Competitive industry involvement is critical to the success of this program, and the Navy is working closely with the Office of the Secretary of Defense to foster a competitive environment.


The cost savings that can be derived from the DD 21 class destroyers include

savings in construction costs that would result from achievement of the Navy's target per-ship cost of $750,000,000 by the fifth ship constructed in each construction yard;

savings that would result from the estimated reduction of the crews of destroyers by 200 or more personnel for each ship; and

savings that would result from a reduction in the operating costs for destroyers by an estimated 70 percent.
To implement Cost as An Independent Variable (CAIV) in order to achieve an Operations and Support (O&S) cost of $2,700 or less per hour underway and a production Objective/Threshold cost of $650/$750 million for the fifth DD 21 System in FY 96 dollars. For a year of ship operation, 3,274 hours are steaming hours underway and 1,886 hours are steaming hours in port, the remaining hours are hours in port in which "hotel" services are provided. For the $650/$750M targets, assumptions for the timing and procurement rates for buying these ships are a quantity of 32 DD 21s, at a rate of three per year beginning one year after the lead ship award.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:52
續:

In June 1998, teaming arrangements under which two competing total ship concepts and designs will be produced for DD 21. Bath Iron Works Corp. has been selected by the DD 21 Alliance to lead the Alliance. Two competing teams will perform the work: the "blue team" led by Bath Iron Works with Lockheed Martin Government Electronics Systems and the "gold team" led by Ingalls Shipbuilding with Raytheon Systems Co. and United Defense Limited Partnership.

While on competing teams to determine a ship design and systems integrator, Ingalls and Bath will share equally in the construction of the ships, once a design is chosen from the two teams. Ingalls and Bath will lead the teams with their respective systems integrator partners, however, each shipyard will have a small contingent representation on the other旧 team. This process, the Navy said, is designed to ensure that efficiency and producibility during ship construction will be properly considered as part of the design process.

In July 1998 the Navy旧 Shipbuilder Alliance of Ingalls and Bath will submit a detailed competition plan for the two competing teams and a proposal for the initial phase of the DD 21 program. Each competing team will be awarded approximately $105 million over a three-year period to complete a system concept design, initial systems design, and a virtual prototype of the team旧 total ship concept. At the end of the initial design period, the Navy will select one team旧 concept for continued development, design, and eventual ship production.

DD 21 will be a multi-mission destroyer tailored to maritime dominance and land attack missions. Contract award is planned for 2004 with delivery in 2008. CG 21 will be a fully capable next generation air dominance cruiser to replace today旧 AEGIS Cruisers. DD 21 will be designed with the necessary growth capacity to accommodate the additional missions of CG 21. This common design, along with an open systems architecture, will facilitate affordable and flexible mission upgrades to ensure this family of ships remains mission capable over its full service life.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:52
續:

DD 21 will be an offensive, multi-mission destroyer capable of operating independently or with a Naval, Joint, or combined task force. The ship旧 offensive, land attack orientation is being engineered and balanced with traditional multi-mission surface combatant capabilities that will be needed for DD 21 to dominate the maritime battlespace. While tailored for land attack, the ship旧 ultimate mission is to fight and win any battle...open ocean or littoral.

DD 21 is the first U.S. Navy surface combatant founded entirely upon 21st century strategic concepts set forth in policy documents such as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff旧 Joint Vision 2010 and the Navy-Marine Corps?Forward . . . From the Sea and Operational Maneuver from the Sea publications. Collectively, these concepts emphasize seamless interoperability, information superiority, and precision firepower to enable battlespace dominance and to influence operations ashore, directly and decisively. DD 21 will feature two primary operational capabilities: Land Attack and Maritime Dominance.

Armed with a wide array of land attack weapons, including a next-generation naval gun system, DD 21 will provide precise, sustained, and distributed (i.e., geographically dispersed) naval fires over a wide area in support of expeditionary forces ashore operating deep inside the littoral nation旧 territory. The Navy and its Industry partners are developing revolutionary land attack weapon systems and technologies for naval surface fire support, battlefield interdiction, and strike warfare in support of the Operational Maneuver from the Sea strategic concept.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:53
續:

DD 21 Advanced Gun System will provide the volume of fires and sustainability, improved lethality, and increased range needed for 21st century warfare. It will provide extremely accurate sustained fires using precision-guided Naval and Joint Service munitions with nearly 10 times the range of current shipboard guns. Built by United Defense, the advanced gun will meet the Marine Corps surface fire support requirements. Additionally, the gun system will support other DD 21 requirements:


Reduced manning: The advanced handling system will be fully automatic and unmanned.

Reduced signatures: The gun design, with its above deck structure, will meet the stealth requirement of DD 21.

Reduced O&S Costs: The entire system will have reduced maintenance requirements.


The Advanced Gun System will expand on the Army and Marine Corps 155MM gun and will leverage existing ordnance technologies (ERGM, Army XM982 155MM projectile, SADARM / Unitary warheads, Army Crusader program).


United Defense recommended a traditional pointing gun for DD-21 and the Navy concurred. The Navy decided against a vertical gun for DD-21 in part because "stealth" technologies can reduce the signature of a traditional pointing gun mount and because a vertical gun would not always meet the 100-nm range requirement. Among other disadvantages, the vertical gun would have a shorter range and its projectiles would take longer to reach their target.


Plans now call for a fully automated pointing gun firing 12 rounds per minute. Associated with the gun are gunfire control functionality integrated into the DD 21 Total Ship Computing Environment (TSCE), an automated magazine, and low-radar and IR signatures for the gun and barrel. AGS design includes a family of 155mm extended range guided projectiles with warheads matched to the projected land attack target set. Efforts are underway to achieve as much commonality as possible with US Army 155mm projectiles.

Another DD 21 primary operational capability is maritime dominance - the seagoing component of Joint Vision 2010旧 tenet of dominant maneuver. Maintaining maritime dominance demands better situational awareness, full spectrum offensive engagement capability, robust self defense, and sufficient mobility to employ multi-dimensional forces to provide a decisive advantage over an enemy at sea.


Maritime Dominance is a prerequisite for land attack operations which allows naval forces to first control and then extend the littoral battlespace inland. The effect is to provide Joint and combined forces unimpeded access to strategic and tactical areas of interest ashore. DD 21 will establish and maintain superiority over the surface, subsurface, and local air battlespace by performing a variety of maritime missions including air, surface, submarine, mine, and special warfare, and other fleet support operations.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:54
續:

For air dominance, DD 21 will employ a leading edge radar suite tailored for littoral operations. This radar suite combined with surface-to-air missiles and cooperative engagement capability will support the requirement to establish and maintain local area air superiority. The Multi-function Radar (MFR) is a key part of the next generation AAW System. As low elevation air threats continue to evolve in capability, advances in radar technologies become essential to support operational and manning requirements. MFR, to be designed and built by Raytheon Systems Corporation, is a solid state active array radar system. This radar is more than a cruise missile defense radar. It must provide ulti-function surveillance that can meet the performance requirements in all related mission areas. The Volume Search Radar (VSR) will complement the MFR. It will provide situational awareness, air control, track identification and counter battery locating data. The VSR will provide cue quality track data to the MFR and complement MFR for ship self defense.

DD 21 will operate and support LAMPS helicopters and remote minehunting systems as well as broadband sonars. These organic systems will support a variety of littoral missions including battlespace surveillance, over-the-horizon identification and targeting, in-stride mine avoidance, and localization and destruction of enemy submarines.

To improve survivability in this complex and dynamic environment, DD 21 will be designed with 昼tealth?technologies to reduce its visual, radar, infrared, acoustic, and magnetic signatures. DD 21 will have an integrated topside design with an advanced superstructure and advanced multi-function apertures. In addition to improving self-defense, DD 21 revolutionary signature reduction will greatly enhance its offensive capabilities by allowing it to operate closer to shore despite threat conditions. The unique notional DD 21 hull form is a dramatic visual representation of the vastly reduced signatures envisioned for this combatant. As the first U.S. warship to incorporate an integrated approach to signature reduction, DD 21 is the critical bridgehead for development of these technologies. While specific types of signature-reducing technologies will not be disclosed until the Navy downselects to one industry team ship design concept in 2001, requirements to reduce DD 21's radar signature necessitate an integrated topside design

(i.e. reduced signatures through the use of an advanced superstructure incorporating embedded multi-function apertures for antenna and electronic systems). The ship design will also likely include radical composite construction materials, some radar absorbing materials, and optimized hull shaping both above and below the waterline. Extensive attention will also be given to acoustic quieting and degaussing for both equipment and propulsion systems. The integrated power system is expected to provide substantial quieting capability.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:54
Specifications(數據)
Builder
Power PlantIntegrated Power System (IPS)
Lengthfeet
Beamfeet
Draftfeet
Displacementtons
Capacity
Speedknots ( mph)
CrewThreshold: 150
Objective: 95
[vice traditional = 440]
Aircraft
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:55
Ships(同級航艦)
NameNumberBuilderHomeportOrderedCommissionedDecommissioned
Zumwalt DD-21Bath/Ingalls200420082049
DD-22 Bath/Ingalls200520092050
DD-23 Ingalls200520092050
DD-24 Bath200520092050
DD-25 Ingalls200620102051
DD-26 Bath200620102051
DD-27 Ingalls200620102051
DD-28 Bath200720112052
DD-29Ingalls200720122052
DD-30 Bath200720122052
DD-31 Ingalls200820132053
DD-32 Bath200820132053
DD-33 Ingalls200820132053
DD-34 Bath200920142054
DD-35Ingalls200920142054
DD-36 Bath200920142054
DD-37Ingalls201020152055
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:55
DD-38Bath201020152055
DD-39Ingalls201020152055
DD-40Bath201120162056
DD-41Ingalls201120162056
DD-42Bath201120162056
DD-43Ingalls201220172057
DD-44Bath201220172057
DD-45Ingalls201220172057
DD-46Bath201320182058
DD-47Ingalls201320182058
DD-48Bath201320182058
DD-49Ingalls201420192059
DD-50Bath201420192059
DD-51Ingalls201420192059
DD-52Bath201520202060
DD-53Ingalls201520202060
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:56
DD-21計畫 航艦3D電腦繪圖 想像圖 :







   

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:57
DD-21 想像圖集:







作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 11:59
軍事專題:

朱瓦特級艦 美造艦工藝總體結晶

（作者／資深軍事專欄作家-陳維浩 ）








美國國防部於一九九○年代展開的DD-21計畫，乃是設計建造一全新的未來水面作戰艦，並將以該型驅逐艦為基礎，發展包含巡洋艦、巡防艦等一系列大小不同的水面作戰船艦，構成美國海軍未來的作戰主力。DD-21計畫由於過於龐大，受到美國國會的預算監督，在經過重新調整後，於二○○一年十一月被名為DD（X）的計畫所承襲；二○○五年底，美國國會終於決定建造八艘DD（X）驅逐艦，並由美國國內兩大造船廠分別建造首批兩艘船艦，美國海軍則在二○○六年四月，將首艘船艦命名為DDG-1000朱瓦特（Zumwalt）號，預定二○○八年開始興建，二○一三年服役。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 12:00
光電設備一體化於船艛內


朱瓦特級驅逐艦不僅是美國新一代海軍船艦，其在諸多方面，都為各國未來的海軍作戰艦立下標竿。該艦最明顯的特色，莫過於迥異於當代船舶的特殊外觀，從吃水線以上便完全朝內傾斜的船型，取消桅桿與煙囪，而將各種通信與雷達天線、光電設備完全內嵌於一體化的船艛內，加上力求簡潔的武裝與甲板佈局，使其雷達匿蹤效果較現今船艦更上層樓。吃水線較甲板突出的尖銳船艏，亦有別於一般船舶，除上述匿蹤考量外，這樣的設計能在惡劣海象航行時，獲得更佳的穿浪效果。


在水面下的輪機推進部分，亦屬先進科技，該艦以兩座燃氣渦輪推動發電機，並透過整合電力系統，將電力供應給兩座電力推進主機與船艦本身使用，此推進方式除了較傳統輪機更易於控制船速外，也能有效降低船身震動與水中噪音。不過相對於致力提高航速的濱海戰鬥艦(LCS)，朱瓦特級的最高航速僅為三十節，與現今水面作戰艦相去不遠。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 12:00
掛載改良型戰斧巡弋飛彈

船殼採內外雙層構造，內層設有裝甲防護以提高防禦力。不同於現役美軍軍艦，朱瓦特級的新一代垂直發射系統設置於兩舷的內外船殼間，並分列在前段甲板與後方的直升機甲板旁，左右舷各有十座(四十組)，可發射改良型麻雀飛彈(ESSM)、標準二型與標準三型飛彈、垂直發射反潛火箭，以及射程可達三千公里的改良型戰斧戰術巡弋飛彈等。


此外朱瓦特級上用於對空、對海與射控的雙頻主動陣列雷達，除改進美軍現役神盾艦SPY-1雷達對低空目標因應能力不足的問題，利用強大的搜索追蹤性能，也能配合搭載的標準三型飛彈，構成彈道飛彈防禦的一環。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 12:01
艦砲可收納降低雷達回波

展望未來海軍船艦的作戰任務中，對地火力支援將趨於吃重，使艦砲武裝又開始受到重視，朱瓦特級驅逐艦於船艏裝有兩門一五五公厘六二口徑先進火砲系統(AGS)，該型艦砲使用火箭推進的導引砲彈，最大射程據稱可達一八五公里；左右兩舷還有用於對付空中與近距離小型船艦的五七公厘艦砲，該艦搭載的所有艦砲，砲身都能完全收納於匿蹤構型的砲塔內，以降低雷達回波。

朱瓦特級的艦身後段為寬廣的飛行甲板，船艛結構的後半段設有機庫，目前預定供一架MH-60R反潛直升機與3架MQ-8B垂直起降無人機停放。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 12:01
高科技大幅節約人力成本

最後值得一提的是朱瓦特級「全艦電腦環境」的嶄新概念，藉由網路整合艦上所有系統，該艦達到前所未有的自動化程度，其僅需一百四十名人員即可操控，甚至比美國派里級(我國成功級)巡防艦還少。而以此艦為開端，美國海軍今後在研發船艦與地面的指管、監偵、武器與通信等系統時，將全面採商用硬體與標準化軟體，一方面讓系統保有擴充與升級的彈性，在壽期成本與人員訓練上，亦能大幅達到節約的效果。

朱瓦特級的建造案雖由諾斯諾普．格魯曼公司領銜，但其系統整合、船體建造，裝備與武器供應等，則涵蓋美國國內各大國防廠商，因此稱該艦為美國海軍科技與造艦工藝的總體結晶，確實當之無愧。目前尚有永磁式同步電動機馬達、電磁艦砲等嶄新科技，待完成研製後，便會採用在後續建造的船艦上。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 12:01
排水量高達一萬四千噸

朱瓦特級的強大能力，確實是現今各國海軍作戰艦難以望其項背，然而也由於設想的要求甚高，引進技術繁多，雖名為「驅逐艦」，排水量竟達一萬四千噸，遠高於美國海軍預期，且造價也居高不下。各界推估，美國目前極可能會尋求折衷妥協，亦即完成兩艘（或八艘）朱瓦特級後，以其運用經驗為基礎，另行發展較廉價、小型的驅逐艦設計，作為未來的海軍作戰艦主力。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 12:03
武器專題*2：

美軍次世代水面武力 - 全球軍事科技博覽　系列三

作者:陳宗逸





從二十世紀末期開始，美軍不只在空中武力和地面武力展開跨世紀的新革命，在水面上下的立體空間，美軍也有全新的規劃。其中，水面下的潛艇科技，目前的次世代發展方向，大致上還不明朗，但是對於水面上的作戰，美軍將配合新設計的水面艦隻，十年之內啟動新世紀的武力規模。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 12:04
戰鬥艦種匿蹤設計主流
  
  除了航空母艦概念將有跳躍式進展外，在美國前總統柯林頓任內承諾發展，並且以前美國海軍部長Elmo Zumwalt之名命名的新世代驅逐艦，目前還在整個研發概念的整合階段。這艘被美國軍方譽為「人類戰艦史上最大革命」的DD 21級驅逐艦（Zumwalt CLASS），將整合目前軍事科技界最先進的所有概念，讓美國海軍確定在二十一世紀前半期，依舊在水面上擁有世界第一的科技水準。
  
  目前由美國海軍推出的DD 21級驅逐艦，外型上最大的特徵，就是目前美國海軍所有下一代水面艦都會採用的特殊匿蹤設計。和目前台灣海軍所擁有、號稱融合最完整第一代匿蹤技術的拉法葉級巡防艦不同，DD 21級驅逐艦擁有次世代的匿蹤設計，整艘船的外觀看起來，已經沒有拉法葉艦還存在較完整的傳統船艦外型。
  
  DD 21的外觀完全跳脫出傳統的船艦設計，匿蹤是所有艦體設計的最優先選項，務求將所有可能突出在艦體上的結構物全部消除，平整、傾斜的外觀，已經看不到傳統的船桅，所有的雷達天線全部都被整合進入匿蹤艦體結構內，甚至連艦艏Ａ砲位上的艦砲，砲管在不使用的時候，都會收入砲塔內，以避免破壞整艘船的匿蹤外型。
  
  整艘DD 21級驅逐艦，看起來就像是外星飛行器，也是美國海軍相當引以自豪的「科技怪物」。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 12:05
電力傳動刷新歷史紀錄
  
DD 21級驅逐艦最讓人震驚的革命，就是美國海軍宣稱這將是人類史上第一艘全部使用電力推進的大型戰鬥艦。
  
  在以往，電力推動船隻的設計只會使用在小型艦隻上，隨著電力推進科技日益進展，高功率的電動推進器也將完成，這種推進方式的戰艦，具有以往柴油推進器所沒有的靜肅性能，對於要求絕對匿蹤的DD 21級驅逐艦來說，低噪音的推進器，將是一大優勢。
  
  根據美國海軍近期的報告推估，如果電力推動科技在DD 21上面能夠表現優異，未來美軍全部的下一代戰艦，都會使用這種推進系統，柴油推進器的戰艦將成為歷史。
  
  為了因應二十一世紀高度數位化的水面戰場，DD 21也是一艘網路化的高科技艦隻，由於效率超高的自動化操作模式設計，DD 21比一般同等級的驅逐艦，將可以節省百分之九十的人員操作空間，也就是說，未來在艦上服勤的固定人員，數量將會大幅度的減少，理想目標為配置九十五位操作人員（傳統驅逐艦約有四百五十位操作員）。但是，也因為人員需求大幅降低，美國軍方擔心在緊急情況下，不滿一百人的編制，可能無法在傳統戰場上應付狀況，目前這個問題還在美國軍界爭論之中。
  
  雖然人員配置大幅減少，但是未來DD 21負擔的任務，將會大幅加重。由於自動化操作，各式美軍下一代先進的艦對海、對空、對地攻擊武器，將會大量配置在DD 21上面，目前美國海軍的驅逐艦，係採取分工的姿態執勤，有專門負責防空任務的神盾級（DDG 51）驅逐艦，也有專事反潛任務的史普魯恩斯級（DD 963）驅逐艦，而這兩款目前美國海軍的主力水面艦，都可以配備戰斧式巡弋飛彈執行遠距陸地攻擊任務。
  
  在未來，DD 21可以經由更換艦上任務模組，以同款艦、不同款加強配備的方式，選擇執勤上的彈性。這種設計，也可以降低美國海軍水面艦的操作成本。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-23 12:05
全新思考美軍領導潮流
  
隨著較低成本的DD 21級驅逐艦服役之後，另一個美國海軍二十一世紀水面艦計劃（Surface Combatant SC-21）的主角CG 21級巡洋艦，將會隨著DD 21的研發經驗之後，持續建造較大型、功能更多、足以取代目前神盾級巡洋艦的新一代遠洋巡洋艦。但是，目前由於美國國防預算緊縮所致，美國海軍決定在短期內，暫時延緩CG 21的研發進度，以在這段過渡期間之內，用有限的預算，生產更多成本較低的DD 21級驅逐艦，也同時用更長的時間，驗證這種新一代水面艦設計的優缺點。
  
  根據預估，第一艘DD 21級驅逐艦服役的時間，將與CVN 77同樣預定在二○○八年。美國海軍將在第一階段，採購高達三十艘的DD 21級驅逐艦。
  
  擁有次世代的航空母艦與水面戰鬥艦，美國海軍目前正在執行的新型水面支援艦，還包括已經下水的匿蹤設計LPD-17兩棲船塢（San Antonio CLASS），未來的聯合指揮艦JCC（X）、未來的兩棲突擊艦LH（X），搭配即將服役的各式先進匿蹤戰機、MV-22多功能垂直起降運輸直升機，美軍已經擺脫目前世界海軍工藝設計主流，獨自躍入下一個世代的戰場，將敵人拋在腦後。


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