鐵之狂傲

標題: 《垂直登陸》- LHA-1 塔拉瓦(Tarawa)級兩棲突擊艦 [列印本頁]

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 21:57
標題: 《垂直登陸》- LHA-1 塔拉瓦(Tarawa)級兩棲突擊艦
LHA-1 Tarawa class
LHA-1 塔拉瓦級兩棲突擊艦

原文:

The primary war-fighting mission of the LHA-1 Tarawa class is to land and sustain United States Marines on any shore during hostilities. The ships serve as the centerpiece of a multi-ship Amphibious Readiness Group (ARG). Some 3,000 Sailors and Marines contribute to a forward-deployed ARG composed of approximately 5,000 personnel.

The ships are designed to maintain what the Marine Corps calls "tactical integrity" - getting a balanced force to the same place at the same time. One LHA can carry a complete Marine battalion, along with the supplies and equipment needed in an assault, and land them ashore by either helicopter or amphibious craft. This two pronged capability, with emphasis on airborne landing of troops and equipment, enables the Navy and Marine Corps to fulfill their present-day mission. Whether the landing force is involved in an armed conflict, acting as a deterrent force in an unfavorable political situation or serving in a humanitarian mission, the class offers tactical versatility.

The Tarawa class is designed to operate independently or as a unit of a force, as a flagship or individual ship unit in both air and/or surface assaults, these ships are key elements of the amphibious assault forces for the Navy. They incorporate the best design features and capabilities of several amphibious assault ships currently in service: the Amphibious Assault Ship (LPH), Amphibious Transport Dock (LPD), Amphibious Cargo Ship (LKA), and Dock Landing Ship (LSD).

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 21:59
續:

A capital ship, the Tarawa class can simultaneously fulfill six war-fighting requirements: flagship for embarked amphibious squadron, flag or general officer staff; aircraft carrier, with a 35-aircraft complement including AV-8B fighter/attack V/STOL Harrier jets, AH-1 helicopter gunships, CH-53E Super Sea Stallion "heavy lift" and CH-46D/E Sea Knight helicopters; amphibious assault launching platform, employing a variety of surface assault craft including the Navy's newest 40+ knot LCAC, 135-foot Landing Craft Utility (LCU), and other amphibious assault vehicles; hospital ship, equivalent to the nation's finest local hospitals with 17 ICU beds, 4 operating rooms, 300 beds, a 1,00-unit blood bank, full dental facilities, and orthopedics, trauma, general surgery, and x-ray capabilities; command and control (C4I) ship, with the Navy's most sophisticated SHF and EHF satellite communications capability; and assault provisions carrier able to sustain embarked forces with fuel, ammunition and other supplies.

The LHA's full length flight deck can handle ten helicopters simultaneously, as well as the AV-8 HARRIER jump-jet aircraft and OV-10 BRONCO fixed-wing turboprop reconnaissance aircraft. There is also a large well deck in the stem of the ship for a number of amphibious assault craft, both displacement hull and air cushion. Although the LHA usually doesn't carry Landing Craft, Air Cushioned (LCAC) boats onboard, they frequently operate with them and control them.

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:00
續:

The ships have an extensive command, communication and control suite. These electronic systems give the amphibious task force commander nearly unlimited versatility in directing the assault mission. The heart of the LHA's electronic system is a tactical amphibious warfare computer which not only keeps track of the landing force's positions after leaving the ship, but tracks enemy targets ashore. With current information on troop positions in relation to enemy targets, the tactical data system can also direct the targeting of the guns and missiles from the ship as well as the support ships. Additionally, the system maintains air and surface traffic control during the landing not only for her own helicopters and assault craft, but for the combat air control and task force support ships as well.

Nearly three football fields in length and 20 stories high, these ships are capable of embarking 3,000 Sailors and Marines when deployed. The ship's two-acre flight deck, 18,519 square-foot hangar deck, and 250-foot well deck enable an embarked landing force to accomplish its mission around the globe. Two-marine boilers provide steam to the turbines which drive the twin screw ship, providing 70,000 total shaft horsepower. The ships have a range of 10,000 miles at a speed of 20 knots.

The ships have an extensive mechanical system for vertical and horizontal movement of containerized and palletized supplies from deep cargo holds to assault craft or helicopters. A system of five centerline elevators, conveyor lines and a monorail system move cargo and supplies. Two large elevators, one aft and one portside, move aircraft and equipment from the hangar deck to the flight deck. Wheeled vehicles, trucks, jeeps and tanks can be driven or pulled from any deck level storage position via inclined ramps to either awaiting craft in the well deck or helicopters on the flight deck.

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:01
續:

BELLEAU WOOD participated in her first full-scale operation in 1979 off the coast of Hawaii. BELLEAU WOOD's third successful SEVENTH Fleet deployment ran from January to July 1984. The ship then completed an 11-month complex overhaul at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington. BELLEAU WOOD entered her second complex overhaul in Long Beach California in 1990. Major work included an upgrade to CIWS and installation of the Rolling Airframe Missile System.

Four additional units were canceled in 1971.

The Navy's current plan is to conduct a service life extension program (SLEP) overhaul on the Tarawa class amphibious assault ships when they reach the 35 year point in their operating life. The SLEP would provide another 15 years of life at a cost of nearly $1.0 billion per SLEP. The SLEP would extend the machinery operating life and provide communications upgrades. However, stability would remain a main concern and the LHA has limited capabilities to support 21st century littoral warfare systems such as the landing craft air cushion (LCAC) and MV-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft.

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:02

Specifications(數據)
Power Plant	Two boilers, two geared steam turbines, two shafts, 70,000 total shaft horsepower
Length	778 feet (237.1 m) waterline 820 feet (249.9 m) overall
Beam	Extreme Beam: 106 ft Waterline Beam: 106 ft
Draft	Maximum Navigational Draft: 26 ft Draft Limit: 27 ft
Displacement	Light Displacement: 26255 tons Full Displacement: 39925 tons Dead Weight: 13670 tons
Speed	24 knots (27.6 miles per hour) (22 knots sustained)
Aircraft	(Actual mix depends upon mission) 6 AV-8B Harrier attack planes 4 AH-1W SuperCobra attack helicopter 12 CH-46 Sea Knight helicopters 9 CH-53 Sea Stallion helicopters 4 UH-1N Huey helicopters

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:03

OR 6 AV-8B Harrier attack planes 12 CH-46 Sea Knight helicopters 9 CH-53 Sea Stallion helicopters
Boats	2 LCU 1 LCAC 4 LCPL
Elevators	1 deck edge (40,000-pound capacity) 1 stern (80,000-pound capacity)
Crew	Ships Company: 82 officers, 882 enlisted Marine Detachment 1,900 plus
Armament	2 - 21 Cell Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) 4 - 25mm MK38 Gun Mounts 2 - 20-mm Close In Weapons System Block 1 5 - .50 Cal Mounts 2 - SLQ-25 NIXIE 6 - Mk 36 Super Rapid-Blooming Off Board Chaff System (SRBOC)
Sensors:	Mk-23 Target Acquisition System (TAS) Mod 5 SPS-67 surface search radar SPS-40E air search radar SPS-48E 3-D air search radar SPS-64 navigation radar SPN-35A aircraft control/approach radar SPN-43C aircraft control/approach radar SLQ-32(V)3 electronic warfare suite URN-25 TACAN Furuno navigation radar
Unit Operating Cost Annual Average	$75,000,000 [source: [FY1996 VAMOSC]

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:04

Ships(同級兩棲突擊艦 )
Name	Number	Builder	Homeport	Ordered	Commissioned	Decommissioned
Tarawa </[td][td]LHA-1</[td] [td]Ingalls </[td][td]San Diego	01 May 1969	29 May 1976	~ 2011 - 2026
Saipan	LHA-2	Ingalls	Norfolk	15 Nov 1969	15 Oct 1977	~ 2012 - 2027
Belleau Wood (ex-Philippine Sea)	LHA-3	Ingalls	Sasebo	15 Nov 1969	23 Sep 1978	~ 2013 - 2028
Nassau (ex-Leyte Gulf)	LHA-4	Ingalls	Norfolk	06 Nov 1970	28 July 1979	~ 2014 - 2029
Peleliu (ex-Da Nang, ex-Khe Sanh)	LHA-5	Ingalls	San Diego	06 Nov 1970	3 May 1980	~ 2015 - 2030
CANCELLED	LHA-6	Ingalls
CANCELLED	LHA-7	Ingalls
CANCELLED	LHA-8	Ingalls
CANCELLED	LHA-9	Ingalls

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:07
LHA-1 Tarawa class 電腦繪圖:

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:07
LHA-1 Tarawa class 圖集:

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:10
武器數據:

塔拉瓦級兩棲突擊艦

──by captain Picard

艦名/使用國塔拉瓦級兩棲突擊艦/美國 (Tarawa class)
承造國/承造廠美國/Litton/Ingalls廠建造
尺寸（公尺）長249.9 寬32 飛行甲板寬40 吃水7.9

排水量（ton) 輕載26255 滿載39925
動力系統/軸馬力 600psi鍋爐＊2/70000
蒸汽渦輪＊2

艦首推進器＊1

雙軸

航速（節） 24
偵測/電子戰系統 AN/SPS-48E 3D對空搜索雷達＊1

AN/SPS-40E 對空搜索雷達＊1

AN/SPS-64平面搜索雷達＊1

AN/SPS-67平面搜索雷達＊1

AN/SLQ-32(V)2電子戰系統＊1

AN/SLQ-25魚雷反制系統＊1

SPN-35A航空管制雷達＊1

SPN-43C航空管制雷達＊1

URN-25 TACAN航海雷達＊1

MK-36干擾彈發射器＊6（SRBOC）

射控/控制系統 MK-86火砲射控系統＊1（包含AN/SPG-60D照明雷達、AN/SPQ-9A平面搜索雷達）

MK-115射控雷達＊2

MK-23 TAS目標搜獲系統＊1

整合性兩棲戰術武器資料系統(ITAWDS)

其餘不明

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:10
人員船員964 搭載部隊1703
艦載武裝 MK-25 BPDMS海麻雀短程防空飛彈發射器＊2

（後來被MK-15取代）

MK-15 方陣近迫武器系統（CIWS）＊2

MK-31 Block 0公羊(RAM)短程防空飛彈系統(21聯裝MK-49公羊飛彈發射器＊2)

(1990年代陸續加裝)

MK-45 5吋54倍徑艦砲＊3

（後來拆除一座）

MK-38 25 mm機砲＊2

0.5吋機槍＊5

艦載機 CH-53運輸直昇機＊6
CH-46運輸直昇機＊12~16

AH-1W攻擊直昇機＊4

AV-8B垂直起降攻擊機

UH-1N通用直昇機＊4

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:11
登陸載具 ──
LCAC氣墊登陸艇＊1或

LCU通用登陸艇＊4或

LVTP-7兩棲登陸載具＊40

甲板吊掛──

LCM-6人員登陸艇＊2

姊妹艦共五艘──
LHA-1 TARAWA

LHA-2 SAIPAN

LHA-3 BELLEAU WOOD

LHA-4 NASSAU

LHA-5 PELELIU

備註 1976至1980年服役

(以上資料來自:軍武狂人夢頁面庫存)

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:15
武器簡史:

“塔拉瓦”級通用兩棲攻擊艦(LHA)

美國海軍在20世紀60年代開始研究新的登陸戰術，“塔拉瓦”級艦就是為了貫徹“均衡裝載、垂直登陸”思想而建造的。由於實現了均衡裝載，一艘艦即可獨立將一個陸戰隊加強營的人員和作戰裝備運送至作戰區域。

美國海軍“塔拉瓦”級兩棲攻擊艦，原計劃建造9艘，實際建造了5艘。首艦於1971年開始建造，1976年5月入役。4艘後續艦，分別於1977—1980年間入役。

該級艦的優點在於集直升機母艦、兩棲貨船、兩棲船塢運輸艦的功能於一身。其滿載排水量為39967噸，總長254.2米，型寬40.2米，吃水7.9米；艦上定員930人(其中軍官56人)。

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:16
該級艦的主機採用兩台威斯汀豪斯公司的蒸汽輪機，52.2兆瓦，雙軸推進，最大航速達24節，以20節航速航行時，續航力可達10000海里。

為滿足登陸艇離開登陸艦時船體平衡的需要，艦艏安裝了功率為670千瓦的艏推力器。

飛行甲板長250米，寬36米，能搭載美軍最大型的直升機，即9架CH－53D「海上種馬」，或12架CH－46D／E「海上騎士」，或同時搭載這兩種型號的直升機。

此外，稍加改裝，即可搭載AV－8B「鷂」式飛機和無人機。飛行甲板以下從艏部至舯部相當於艦總長一半的空間用作機庫。機庫可存放19架CH－53D或26架CH－46D／C直升機，還能存放無人機。

作者: 克里斯Chris 時間: 07-11-15 22:18
該級艦設有塢阱。

塢阱位於機庫後面，從舯部至船艉，長81.7米、寬23.8米。

塢阱能容納4艘LCU l610型登陸艇，或兩艘通用登陸艇和兩艘LCM機械化登陸艇，或17艘LCU-6機械化登陸艇，或45輛履帶式登陸車；或4艘大型人員登陸艇。

另外，還能攜載1艘氣墊登陸艇。該級艦能運送1703名登陸人員，並有3130平方米的面積用於存放車輛，3310平方米的容積用於存放物資。在醫療設施方面，艦上設有手術室、X光室、病房、隔離病房、研究室、藥房、牙科病房、藥品倉庫等。

防禦武器包括艏艉各安裝1座21聯裝「拉姆」近程防禦艦對空導彈發射裝置，上層建築前端和艦艉各安裝1座六管20毫米「密集陣」近程武器系統。

(完)

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