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法國陸軍 AMX LECLERC (雷克勒主力戰車(Leclerc))
Demonstration of a Leclerc tank in Paris, on the 14th of July 2006
Leclerc
General characteristics
Crew 3 (Commander, gunner, driver)
Length 9.87 m (6.88 without gun)
Width 3.60 m
Height 2.50 m
Weight 56 tonnes
Armour and armament
Armour Steel, titanium, NERA
Main armament 120mm tank gun
40 rounds
Secondary armament 12.7mm coaxial M2HB machine gun
1,100 rounds
7.62mm machine gun
3,000 rounds
Mobility
Power plant 8-cylinder diesel Wärtsilä
1,500 hp (1,100 kW)
Suspension hydropneumatic
Road speed 72 km/h
Power/weight 27 hp/tonne
Range 550 km
History
At the start of the 1970s, the AMX-30 was ageing and, in 1977, the French Army drafted a requirement for a new main battle tank, called "EPC" (Engin Principal de Combat). Importation of foreign materièl, like the M1 Abrams, the Leopard 2, or the Merkava was studied and rejected; a joint programme with Germany, based upon the Leopard 2, went astray in 1979 and studies for a national project started then.
In contrast with most Western programmes, the stress was put on active, rather than passive protection, to limit the overall mass of the vehicle. Mobility for evading incoming fire and firing control were for particular attention.
Partnership with a foreign State was sought to limit the cost per unit, and this was found when the United Arab Emirates ordered 436 vehicles, adding to the 426 units already planned for the French Army.
In 1986, the project was started under the name of "Leclerc", six prototypes being built swiftly. Mass production started in 1990 with the four-unit first batch, used mainly for comparative tests in foreign countries. The 17 units of batches 2 and 3 were shipped, with improvements in the turret and in the hull armour. These units were diagnosed with problems in the engine and suspension, and were quickly retired.
Batches 4 and 5 were better finished, eliminating the recurrent problems in the powerplant, and are still in service, after having been refitted at the end of the 1990s. The second series started with batch 6, with an added climate control system in the right rear of the turret. Batch 7 introduced a transmission system to the command vehicle, a VAB, giving instantaneous vision of the state of all battle tanks and acquired targets. It also incorporated minor improvements in the visor. Batch 8 was a modernisation of the electronic system, and batch 9 replaced the visor with a SAGEM Iris system with thermal imaging, which allows acquisition of targets at a greater range.
All previous batches will be modernised up to the standards of batch 9 from 2005. In 2004, batch 10 was presented, incorporating new information systems which could share the disposition of enemy and friendly units to all vehicles and new armour. This is the beginning of the 96-unit third series. By 2007, 355 tanks should be operational, 320 of them incorporated in 4 regiments each of 80 Leclerc vehicles
雷克勒戰車
製造國/廠法國/GIAT
使用國法國、阿拉伯聯合大公國
車體尺寸(m)全長6.88(不含砲管) 全寬3.71 全高2.47
戰鬥重量(ton)54.5
發動機/馬力法國陸軍型:SACM V8X-1500柴油機*1/1500 阿拉伯聯合大公國型:MTU MB-883 V-12柴油機*1/1500
推重比(hp/ton)28
極速(km/hr)71
續航力(km)550
乘員3
武裝主武裝:CN-120-26 120mm 52倍徑滑膛砲*1
次武裝: 12.7mm同軸機槍*17.62mm防空機槍*1(法國陸軍型採用人力操作機槍,阿拉伯聯合大公國型則採用遙控機槍)四聯裝AVCP 80mm防禦拋射系統*2
基本構型
雷克勒戰車除了具備M-1、豹二等當代最精銳戰車必備的任何傑出特質之外,更以大量應用最尖端科技著稱於世;而一向驕傲自負的法國人更宣稱雷克勒是目前全世界唯一的第四代戰車,換而言之根本不把美國M-1與德國豹二等兩大名門放在眼裡。雷克勒的體積相當緊致,長度比M-1、豹二短了1m左右,車高僅2.47m。體積減少不僅使得被彈面積縮小,也讓雷克勒的重量得以減輕,戰鬥重量僅54.5ton,使得機動力大幅提昇。雷克勒的整體外觀洗鍊簡潔,很可能已經應用了部分雷達匿蹤技術。
防護能力方面,雷克勒採用鋼製全焊接車體與砲塔,而且是繼以色列馳車MK-3之後,全世界第二種使用模組化裝甲技術的主力戰車,而此種先進裝甲技術也逐漸形成新一代戰甲車的潮流。模組化裝甲就是將裝甲製成一塊塊的模組,以螺釘固定在車體上,如此受損或老舊的裝甲模組可立刻拆卸更換,後勤維修作業變得極為簡便,此外也能隨時換裝最先進的裝甲,迅速提升防護性能。模組化裝甲不僅包覆著雷克勒砲塔的正面與兩側,也包括車身、側裙以及車頭。目前雷克勒的模組裝甲為廣為西方先進戰車採用的複合裝甲,砲塔上的為箱式複合裝甲,具有複合裝甲與收空間裝甲的功能,對動能穿甲彈與高爆穿甲彈都有極佳的防禦效果。
雷克勒第一批原型車的砲塔外型較為簡單,是類似豹二的方正構型,不過量產型雷克勒改採外觀複雜的高整合性多箱式砲塔,構型扁平而長,其線條前衛而洗鍊,避彈性極佳,此外所有的射控觀測單元都獲得裝甲的保護。雷克勒的側裙包覆面積極大,採用兩段式設計,中間以活動組件連結,保護範圍幾達承載輪中心。為了減少被擊中後的火災危險,雷克勒捨棄了傳統的液壓制動方式,採用全電動無游隙砲塔旋轉、主砲俯仰機構,而這些機構都與射控系統連結,能和觀測器同步連動。由於裝甲技術先進、體積緊致,雷克勒的整體防護能力應該非常優秀;但由於其裝甲厚度不如M-1A2、豹二A5和挑戰者-2,所以雷克勒單就抗擊力方面應該是略遜於前述三種戰車。雷克勒的砲塔後段彈艙也有完善的防護設計,包括彈艙與戰鬥艙之間的強化防爆隔門、砲塔末端頂部的三塊洩爆板等。
[ 本文最後由 jacklf2004 於 07-6-9 08:48 PM 編輯 ] |
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