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【陸軍裝甲】《戰場支援》- 「海馬斯」高機動火箭砲系統(HIMARS)

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發表於 07-8-15 11:46:47 |只看該作者 |降序瀏覽大字中字小字正體化简体化

High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS)

「海馬斯」高機動火箭砲系統

ＭＬＲＳ軍徽

原文：
The High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) TD will provide a lightweight, C–130 transportable version of the M–270 multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) launcher. Mounted on a 5–ton family of medium tactical vehicles (FMTV) truck chassis, it will fire any rocket or missile in the MLRS family of munitions [MFOM]. The HIMARS launchers will some commonality with its older and heavier tracked cousins, the M270 and M270A1 launcher systems. The HIMARS design concept will include the familiar launcher module, fire control, and digital command and control systems, and a self-reload capability. The HIMARS uses the same command, control, and communications, as well as the same crew, as the MLRS launcher but carries only one rocket or missile pod. It will roll on and off a C–130 transport aircraft and, when carried with a combat load, will be ready to operate within 15 minutes of landing. The HIMARS will fire either six MLRS rockets or one Army Tactical Missile. Because of the lighter weight of using one pod rather than two, it will have a faster time, compared to the current M270, from the point the fire mission is received to the actual munition firing.

HIMARS is based on the need for a lighter weight, more deployable MLRS that can be sent anywhere in the world to provide the maneuver commander lethal, long range fires at the very beginning of a conflict. HIMARS is being designed and produced by the Army to support its Early Entry Contingency forces and its Light/Airborne/Air Assault Divisions with long-range, general support rocket and missile indirect fires. HIMARS battalion, (3x6) will be organic to FA brigades in support of light, airborne, and air assault Divisions. HIMARS will be fully interoperable with and use the same existing command and control support systems as the M270 and the M27OAl launcher. HIMARS will also utilize the standard Army Logistical Support System. The purpose of HIMARS is to engage and defeat tube and rocket artillery, air defense concentrations, trucks, light armor and personnel carriers. It also supports troop and supply concentrations. Deployment of HIMARS makes it very difficult for an enemy force to launch a counter attack. HIMARS is able to launch its weapons and move away from the area at high speed before enemy forces are able to locate the launch site.

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發表於 07-8-15 11:47:29 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

續：

The HIMARS (launcher) will consist of a carrier (automotive portion) and a Fire Control system (FCS) that computes all fire mission data and a Launcher-Loader Module (LLM) portion that will perform all operations necessary to complete a fire mission. The HIMARS will also conduct reload operations with the use of a reload arm assembly. HIMARS retains the same self-loading and autonomous features installed on the Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS). The Improved Launcher Mechanical System (ILMS) upgrade and electronics of the Improved Fire Control System (IFCS), now being implemented onto MLRS M270 launchers, will be standard equipment on production HIMARS vehicles. HIMARS?fire control system, electronics and communications units are inter-changeable with the MLRS M270 A1 launcher. The crew and training are the same as the current system. The launcher unit is equipped with an onboard land navigation system. This allows the crew to remain within the safety of the armored cabin while accurately monitoring their position.

HIMARS is operated by a crew of three - a driver, gunner and section chief - but the computer-based fire control system enables a crew of two or even a single soldier to load and unload the system. The fire control system includes video, keyboard control, a gigabyte of program storage and global positioning system. The fire control computer allows firing missions to be carried out in automatic or manual mode.

The HIMARS is mounted on the Army new Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) 6x6 all-wheel drive 5-ton truck supplied by Stewart and Stevenson, Texas. This system uses a wheeled transport vehicle versus the tracked transport system of MLRS. The HIMARS vehicle will carry a single six-pack of rockets and weighs approximately 24,000 pounds compared to the 12 rockets and more than 44,000 pounds for the MLRS M270 launcher.

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發表於 07-8-15 11:47:51 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

續：

The first firing was successfully conducted on 20 May 98, at White Sands Missile Range. Two single-rocket missions were fired at 90 degrees azimuth (left side), one at 51 degrees elevation and the other at 11 degrees elevation. After verifying data collection and safety, a three round ripple was fired at 90 degrees left azimuth at each of the two elevations. Preliminary data and physical examination indicate nominal performance by the launcher, with no noted malfunctions or damages.

The second firing iteration was conducted on 27 and 28 May 98. On the 27th, two three-round ripple missions were fired, followed by a six-round ripple. All three missions were at 90 degrees azimuth (left side) and approximately 22 degrees elevation. In the six-round mission, fuzes were set and warhead event was successful on all rockets. On 28 May, a single rocket, a three-round ripple and a six-round ripple were fired at 60 degrees azimuth (left side) and 22 degrees elevation. Preliminary data and physical examination indicate nominal performance by the launcher, with no noted malfunctions or damages.

Only MLRS M28 practice pods were fired and all launches were fired from the side of the HIMARS prototype launcher. The maximum range of the initial rocket firing was 35 KM. The second rocket fired flew at a minimum range of 17 KM. The initial ripple firing consisted of three rounds fired at a range of 35 KM and the second ripple firing at a range of 17 KM. All test objectives were met.

The highly successful HIMARS Program continues to receive strong support from the Army旧 senior leadership and the United States Congress. The HIMARS Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) Program, which supported the Rapid Force Projection Initiative Advanced Technology Demonstration (RFPI ACTD), formally transitioned into the HIMARS Maturation/Acquisition Program. The program旧 number one goal is to quickly field the first HIMARS battalion by the end of fiscal year (FY) 2004.

Three deployable HIMARS prototypes were built and delivered to 3/27th FA FORT BRAGG, NC. 3/27th FA manned a fully deployable HIMARS platoon and received New Equipment Training (NET). The platoon participated in the Rapid Force Projection Initiative/Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (RFPI/ACTD) at Ft Benning, GA in FY98. The three prototypes were delivered to the unit six months prior to the start of the RFPI/ACTD field exercise to allow time for NET and platoon certification.

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發表於 07-8-15 11:48:08 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

完：

The three prototype Launchers, presently assigned to the 18th Corps Artillery at Fort Bragg, NC, continue to remain on station in support of the RFPI two year Extended User Evaluation (EUE) program. The daily use and assessment of these mission capable prototype launcher systems has been an invaluable source of information to the MLRS PMO on the prototype system performance.

On 22 December 1999 Lockheed Martin Corp., Missiles & Fire Control-Dallas, Grand Prairie, Texas, was awarded a $2,000,000 increment as part of a $68,320,142 cost-plus-award-fee contract for the High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) for a lightweight launcher, which is C-130 transportable. The contractor will deliver six maturation launchers under this contract. Work will be performed in Grand Prairie, Texas (87.2%) and Camden, Ark. (12.8%), and was expected to be completed by Dec. 31, 2002. This is a sole source contract initiated on Oct. 1, 1999. The U.S. Army Aviation & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, Ala., is the contracting activity (DAAH01-00-C-0002).

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發表於 07-8-15 11:49:10 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

HIMARS：

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發表於 07-8-15 11:50:40 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

武器介紹：

高機動輕型多管火箭炮

美國高機動多管火箭炮系統（HIMARS），是為滿足全球快速部署需要，而由美國洛克希德·馬丁導彈與火控系統公司研製的壓制性火炮武器。該系統增加了新型低成本火力控制台、改進了接口裝置、換裝了更先進的定位導航裝置等，由於重量輕，除了公路快速行駛部署外，還可空運部署。其最大射程：使用M26型火箭彈為32公里，使用M26A1增程型火箭彈為45公里，使用「薩達姆」子母火箭彈為57公里，使用末敏子母火箭彈為40公里，使用制導火箭彈為70公里，有3門樣炮已編入第18空降軍炮兵，並在此次伊拉克戰爭中使用，於2006年形成初步作戰能力。

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武器舊文：

美國高機動火箭炮系統（HIMARS）已經在伊拉克的戰火硝煙中通過實戰檢驗，能夠為部隊提供發射火箭彈和導彈的靈活機動平台，於2005年第一季度裝備作戰部隊。

　　美國陸軍和海軍陸戰隊的裝備清單反映了軍事變革中日益增長的趨勢：輕型、可部署性裝備更適合聯合遠征部隊使用。

　　HIMARS可用空軍C-130H型運輸機空運。據稱，這項能力使聯合遠征部隊具備有「高殺傷力和可部署的系統」，可以在戰場上快速機動。HIMARS將換裝1981年裝備的M270型履帶式自行火箭炮，M270型火箭炮通常使用艦船運輸，只有空軍的C-141和C-5型運輸機能夠空運這種武器，但這兩種運輸機不能在短跑道和未經修葺的跑道上著陸。

　　在HIMARS試驗期間，空運HIMARS部隊的運輸機飛抵俄克拉荷馬州西爾堡，在泥土跑道上著陸，並在15分鐘內卸下HIMARS系統，架起系統準備執行火力任務。除具備可部署能力外，新型系統也能夠發射GPS制導火箭彈，從而最大限度地控制附帶損傷。此外，HIMARS系統還能夠發射火箭彈和陸軍戰術導彈，根據彈藥類型的不同，其射程為8～300公里。據稱，3門HIMARS樣炮在投入到伊拉克進行試驗期間非常成功。在作戰環境中進行野戰試驗可以發現發射裝置的許多問題，使研製者能夠在下階段進行改進。新型發射裝置更輕，並改進了自動再裝填能力以更好地適應野戰環境。

　　迄今為止，美國陸軍已經訂購了89套HIMARS發射裝置，海軍陸戰隊訂購了6套。如果系統進入大批量生產，在未來15年內，美國陸軍可能會訂購888套，美國海軍陸戰隊訂購40套。

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發表於 07-8-15 11:53:17 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

武器專題：

「海馬斯」體現了美國陸軍有關「重型部隊應變輕一些，而輕型部隊應變重一些」的原則以及陸軍發展戰略中強調攻擊能力的思想，自然受到美國陸軍部的賞識。之後，美國海軍陸戰隊也喜歡上「海馬斯」了，因為海軍陸戰隊有不再使用口徑大於155毫米火炮的決定，又要獲得理想支援火力，而現役迫擊炮構成的火力範圍有限。

　　1999年12月「海馬斯」進入開發階段，先在第18空降軍炮兵部隊進行實驗。在美軍2002年舉行的「千年挑戰」演習中，參演的3輛「海馬斯」在兩周的演習期間可用性達97%，超過了工業部門的預期。首次部隊裝備計劃在2005財年第二季度開始。「海馬斯」系統的生產有可能突破750輛。

　　「海馬斯」具有機動性能高、火力性能強、通用性能好等特點。它與M270「鋼雨」的最大區別是底盤由履帶式改為輪式。這應該是在「斯特賴克」裝甲車之後美陸軍減重的又一重大舉措。它提高了「海馬斯」的機動性能，可以迅速部署到履帶式火箭炮系統所無法到達的戰區。它採用6×6的5噸卡車底盤，車重減輕到10噸，可用C-130空運；而M270AI重量近20噸，只能用更大的C-141和C-5空運。

　　「海馬斯」火箭炮系統能為部隊提供24小時全天候的支援火力。它可以發射GMLRS制導型火箭彈。GMLRS是全球定位系統GPS制導的一種彈藥，其彈體上加裝了GPS慣導組件，而且在導彈前端安裝有小型鴨式翼，既提供了基本的飛行靈活性，又提高了系統精確度。GMLRS是一種低成本的精確制導武器，能增強打擊效率和提高火箭炮射程範圍，使「海馬斯」為作戰部隊提供火力支援的範圍從32公里擴展至70公里，如果使用「陸軍戰術導彈系統」，將具有打擊300公里以外目標的能力。

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【陸軍裝甲】 《戰場支援》- 「海馬斯」高機動火箭砲系統(HIMARS)

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【陸軍裝甲】《戰場支援》- 「海馬斯」高機動火箭砲系統(HIMARS)