【陸軍裝甲】《火力中繼》- M114 155mm 遠程牽引榴彈炮

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克里斯Chris

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發表於 08-1-27 11:41:30 |只看該作者 |降序瀏覽大字中字小字正體化简体化

The M114 155mm howitzer
M114 155mm 遠程牽引榴彈炮

原文:

The M114 155mm howitzer, which was replaced by the M198, is a towed weapon first produced in 1942 as medium artillery. The weapon uses NATO standard 155mm ammunition, with a range of about 14,000m, and was used during World War II in Korea, and in Viet Nam. Until recently they were in service with the National Guard.

It remains in service with Argentina, Austria, Bosnian Federation (116 delivered in 1997), Brazil (99), Cambodia, Canada, Chile (including Marines), Denmark, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, South Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, the Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia (6), Spain, the Sudan (12), Taiwan (including self-propelled model on M108/M109 chassis), Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Vietnam, the Yemen and Yugoslavia (which produced a similar weapon called the M65).

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克里斯Chris

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發表於 08-1-27 11:42:00 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

續:

The Congress authorized $100 million of surplus DoD equipment and services for Bosnia under Section 540(b) of the FY96 Foreign Operations Appropriations Act (P.L. 104–107). The U.S. equipment being provided to the Bosnian Federation under drawdown authority represents an important but not complete part of their overall military equipment needs, which were identified by the Department of Defense in a study completed in February, 1996. Field artillery was identified in the DoD study as one of the most critical requirements to give the Federation the ability to react if the Bosnian Serbs were to resume shelling their population centers.

While searching for sources to provide field artillery, DOD discovered the availability of U.S. Army M114 howitzers which were being declared excess defense articles. Since they are NATO-standard and would be available only for the cost of refurbishment, the decision was made to obtain 261 of them. Using some of the remaining drawdown authority to provide for refurbishment and ammunition, the US was able to provide approximately 116 fully mission-capable howitzers. (The other 145 were used as sources for spare parts in the refurbishment process.) This fulfilled a critical need for the Federation and provides NATO-standard equipment at minimal cost.

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克里斯Chris

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發表於 08-1-27 11:42:36 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

Specifications(數據)
Calibre	155 mm
Barrel length	(muzzle to rear end of breech mechanism) 3.778 m (excluding breech) 3.626 m
Muzzle brake	no
Recoil system	hydropneumatic
Breech mechanism	stepped thread, interrupted screw
Carriage	split trail
Shield	optional
Weight	(travelling order) 5,800 kg (firing position) 5,760 kg
Length	(travelling) 7.315 m
Width	(travelling) 2.438 m
Height	(travelling) 1.803 m
Ground clearance	0.229 m
Track	2.07 m
Elevation/depression	+63°/-2°
Traverse	(right) 25° (left) 24°
Rate of fire	(first 30 s) 2 rounds (first 4 min) 8 rounds (first 10 min) 16 rounds (per hour, sustained) 40 rounds
Max range	14,600 m
Crew	11

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發表於 08-1-27 11:45:46 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

M114 155mm howitzer

武器介紹:

美陸軍和海軍陸戰隊的師屬火炮用了37年之久的M-114，M-114於1942年開始裝備美軍，也被配備給了國軍。

M-114老而彌堅，經歷了二戰、朝鮮戰爭和越南戰爭，最近一次露臉是在2000年的巴爾幹戰場上：美國人從戰略剩餘物資中調撥了116門M114榴彈炮交給穆克武裝力量，用來壓制塞族炮兵。雖然炮是老了點，但是一來零件完整（美國手裡還另有145門，專門用來拆了賣零件），二來M114是北約制式口徑，穆克武裝從北約國家買來的155mm彈藥可以通用。

155mm榴彈炮一向是美軍「火力中繼」戰術的中堅力量。

所謂「火力中繼」戰術，就是在部隊進攻方向上，每隔一定距離即設立強大的火力支援點，由重炮單位用火力護送進攻部隊，直至由下一個火力支援點接手為止。美軍在二戰中發展出這一戰術，在朝鮮戰爭和越南戰爭中被繼續發揚廣大之。

這種「火力中繼」戰術對於火炮的射速、射程等性能要求很高。火炮的射程越遠，覆蓋的面積越大，相對而言，射程較近的火炮，則需要設立多個火力中繼站。

M114榴彈炮雖然各項性能都還不錯，但是技術上仍然屬於二戰時期的火炮，到了六七十年代就顯得開始力不從心。例如在1971年的蘭山719戰役中，四十餘公里的進攻路線上，使用M114的美偽軍炮兵不得不密密麻麻地設立了十一個火力支援點(Fire Support Base，簡稱FSB)。

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