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【陸軍裝甲】《快速載具》- M-151吉普車 (多功能、戰術攻擊、快速攻擊)

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克里斯Chris

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發表於 07-8-11 10:14:00 |只看該作者 |降序瀏覽大字中字小字正體化简体化

M151 Jeep
M151 Multi-Utility Tactical Truck (MUTT)
M151 Fast Attack Vehicle

M151 吉普車
M151 多功能用途戰術攻擊群 (MUTT)
M151 快速攻擊車

原文：
The M151 Truck, Utility: ¼-Ton, 4x4, series of vehicles are commonly referred to as Jeeps. In use since 1959, various models of the M-151 have seen successful military service in 15 different North Atlantic Treaty Organization countries. The M151 family of vehicles includes M151, M151A1, M151A1C, M151A2, and M825 utility trucks and M718 and M718A1 ambulances. The High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) is the replacement vehicle for the M151 series jeeps. The current fleet of light tactical vehicles, the aging M151-A2 Fast Attack Vehicle and the High Mobility Multi-Purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), are approaching the end of service life.

The Marine Corp's M151 Fast Attack Vehicle are a variation of the old Willys-style jeep. This light-weight, all-terrain vehicle capable of high-speed, cross-country travel with high maneuverability and agility. The vehicle serves as a weapons or communications platform and carrier for anti-armor, reconnaissance, and other missions that require speed, agility, and all-terrain capability.

FAVs are refitted to mount weapons systems ranging from the M-2 .50 caliber machine gun or the M-240G machine gun to the tube launched, optically-tracked, wire-guided [TOW] antitank missile. The TOW 2 guided missile system can be either tripod mounted or mounted on a pedestal in an M151 truck.

FAVs are part of the Marine ground combat element's helicopter assault company, with the TOW variants being manned by weapons company Marines. The FAV is smaller, faster and lighter than the HMMWV, and it is not possible to load a HMMWV on a helicopter and insert it with a small unit. It can be deployed to the battlefield by loading it and the Marines that man it in a CH-53E Super Stallion.

The 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable) combined heavy firepower and quick-strike capabilities with helicopter-inserted, light infantry forces during the early 1997 Operation Silver Wake noncombatant evacuation operation (NEO) in Tirana, Albania.

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克里斯Chris

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發表於 07-8-11 10:14:59 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

續：

In 1980 the Army's 9th Infantry Division was selected as the test unit for the new High Technology Light Division (HTLD). The HTLD was designed to fight in the deserts of Southwest Asia. Critical pieces of equipment needed to realize the division concept were never available. The FAVs it wanted were neither authorized nor funded by Congress. One problem was that surrogate equipment became standard during its interim phase. For example, the FAV was replaced by the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV).

An Army health hazard assessment revealed whole-body vibration as a significant health hazard. Vehicle crew members also suffered kidney and back injuries attributable to shock and vibration sustained during testing. The health hazard assessment report recommended redesigning the seats to include the addition of more padding to reduce both vibration and shock, redesigning the vehicle suspension system to increase its shock absorbency, and entering FAV operators into a medical surveillance program tailored to the identification of whole-body vibration health effects.

Jeeps are built for off road use and could be unsafe at high speed. The rear suspension system on M151 vehicles was designed for rough terrain usage by stabilizing the stock. Military personnel operating the M151 are given special training in use of the vehicle. On paved roads, where the general public would normally use a vehicle, these vehicles are readily subject to rollover accidents. The Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. DoT, identified the M151 vehicles as a hazard to the safety of public highway users. Therefore, for public safety, DOD renders them inoperable prior to sale (i.e., cut or crush the unitized body and suspension system).

The M-151’s tendency to tip over as well as the fact that it used flammable unleaded fuel, made it a safety liability. The M-151 didn’t quite have the mobility, speed, or durability to get Marines into the environments they will need to be in during the 21st century.

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克里斯Chris

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發表於 07-8-11 10:15:37 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

數據資料：

	M-151A2/TOW
Main Armament (caliber, model)	149-mm Tow Lchr
ammunition type	HEAT ATGM
range, effective (m)	3750m
rate of fire (rpm) sustained/maximum	/2
stabilized	No
penetration (mm @ m range)	430-920+EFP
night sights
gunner	Thermal
armor, hull/turret (mm)	None
weight (mt)	1.11
dimensions (LxWxH m)	3.37x1.80 x1.88x
NBC protection	No
crew	4
Night Firing Sights	AN/TAS-4

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克里斯Chris

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發表於 07-8-11 10:16:49 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

M-151吉普車圖集

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克里斯Chris

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發表於 07-8-11 10:19:11 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

武器詳介：

來自：mpsdragon 's Home

譯者：DDS

作者言：

我在當兵時最常用的軍車是M-151(那時還沒有悍馬)
最近在日本雜誌上看到有關的文章, 就把它翻譯下來, 提供大家參考
車輛並非我的專長, 若有翻譯不當者請當場賜教(特別是車輛的專有名詞)

繼為了對付朝鮮半島的動亂而應急開發的M-38之後, 與民用車CJ-5相通的車體但裝載較強力引擎的M-38A1終於進入美國陸軍服役。在這些吉普車服役期間，美國陸軍已開始著手開發下一代的1/4噸吉普車，即M-151系列。當初軍方只提出性能要求與規格而交由福特公司自行去研發，相對於第一代吉普車在二次大戰中的開發速度，M-151算是有非常充份的時間。第一批量產型推出時已是1959年了。之後做了些小改良而成為M-151A1。，經第二次改良並於1972到1978年間生產者則為M-151A2。

越戰初期，美軍以軍事顧問團的名義讓吉普車由各同盟國裡自行開生產線，像是M606或是三菱重工的CJ-3B等就是。但是當美軍的同盟國還在生產這些舊款吉普車時，剛配發的美軍M-151在越戰全盛期已成為大家對越戰的經典印象。相較於韓戰時的美軍裝備仍承襲二次大戰的風格──高車身的舊式吉普車，新款低車身的M-151大大改變了大家對美軍的印象。

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克里斯Chris

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發表於 07-8-11 10:19:56 |只看該作者大字中字小字正體化简体化載入全部圖片

(續)

特殊的構造

M151系列最大的特徵在於底盤與車身並非各自獨立，但這又不同於航空器所謂的’”應力外殼結構” 。採用這種結構的軍用車種並不多，大概只有義大利飛雅特所生產的第二代軍用吉普車而已。這種構造滿足了軍用車輛所要的車身強度一體化，但相較於底盤車身分離的車種而言卻不利於應任務需求生產衍生車型。從另一個角度來看，雖然不利於開發衍生車系，底盤車身一體成型大大的降低了生產成本，正如一般民用小客車也採用這種設計是一樣的道理。另一個特徵就是旋吊系統，一舉使用在當時美國民用小客車也很罕見的四輪獨立彈簧式璧震器，而非一般軍用車常見的傳統式板狀避震器，這點對M-151的性能有了決定性的影響。優點是乘坐舒適性的提昇，因較低的底盤使它在極端惡劣的地形裡雖然受到限制，但是一般的公路外地形中顛簸的程度卻大大的降低。

變速箱與傳動軸較一體化，一檔與倒檔的轉速較低，這大概是以俱有出力強大的引擎為前提所做的考量。車軸亦左右相通可以互換，這也減少了它的零件種類而降低成本。加上避震器的輕量化等等，使得M-151的整體評價是：價格便宜，輕量，乘坐舒適，比其他吉普車更適合在公路上做高速行走。