轉貼動物實驗

劍驚虹留恨君

動物實驗在道德上沒有合理性

雖然活體解剖〔vivisection〕在字面上意謂切割活生生的生命，但是它包含所有有關動物的實驗，並且不只限於「解剖」而已。不論你叫它什麼，動物實驗確實是殘酷的，它帶給犧牲的動物生理與心裡的鉅大痛苦。

動物實驗在道德上或科學上都沒有正當理由。那些在做動物實驗的人指控反動物實驗者對動物「用情至深」，他們自私且自以為是地認為問題很簡單：犧牲動物生命是為了救人。然而相對的，反動物實驗人士認為問「救老鼠和救孩子哪個重要？」是無稽的，他們提出另一個角度：「為什麼不努力兩個都救呢？」「為什麼強迫人們掉入只能二選一的罪惡中呢？」

科學奠基在：研究結果支持對人與非人動物殘酷的研究方法，因為這樣能以最低的方法達到最高的成果。動物實驗是「壞科學」，18世紀的英國哲學家邊沁說：「問題不在他們是否有心智？或是有沒有說話的能力？而在於他們是否有感受苦樂的能力？

很明顯地，如果拿人類來做活體解剖，他們感受到的痛苦總量既不依於溝通能力，也不依於解決問題的能力--天才與白癡感受到的痛苦是一樣的。同樣的，非人類動物感受到的痛苦跟人類也是一樣的。那些認為痛苦是罪惡的人，到底他們是基於人道？還是基於維護他們的職業？

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1985年，這隻猴子被動物解放陣線（ALF）從加州大學河邊市實驗室救出來，他的眼瞼被縫合、頭部裝上聲納裝置。（照片提供/PETA，1980's-1990's）

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小雞的腦部被植入電極，這張照片是動物解放陣線（ALF）突擊巴黎的「國家罕病科學研究學會」所獲得，並且由法國動物權組織Aequalis公佈於世。雖然實驗者沒有受到任何懲罰，但是Aequalis的會長努力並宣判應予罰鍰15000美元。（照片提供/PETA，1990's）

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一隻被解剖的貓頭被泡在甲醛中，實驗者用他的聲帶做實驗（童子軍市立醫院，美國，1996）。（照片提供/PETA）

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為了測試灼傷的結果，這隻狗被「活烤」，發生在美國辛辛納提市的聖堂醫院。（照片提供/PETA，1980's-1990's）

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被植入電極的貓。貓是廣被歡迎的神經生理學的實驗素材，因為實驗者認為他們的腦與人類相近。（照片提供/ Lega Anti Vivisezione）

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被植入電極的鬣蜥蜴。這張照片是動物解放陣線（ALF）突擊巴黎的「國家罕病科學研究學會」所獲得。（照片提供/PETA，1990's）

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這隻狗的腳被實驗者用鐵鎚「有計劃地」鎚打，以用來觀察其所導致的心理壓迫。在實驗過程中或結束後，這隻狗沒有任何麻醉，也沒有任何醫療。（照片摘自/"進入地獄之門"，IAAPEA，1980's）


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這隻猴子的頭被鑽孔，並且置入一隻探針，以注入不同的化學物質。這類的實驗通常長達數月。（照片摘自/"進入地獄之門"，IAAPEA，1980's）圖十

對貓做的實驗，地點在日本。（圖片來源不明，1990's）
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照片展示第三輯

迪卡爾（1596-1650），一位近代思潮的拓荒者，主張人類與動物徹底不同--後者只是物品或東西而已。動物，根據迪卡爾所見，只是一部機器，一部會自己動、不會思考、沒有感覺的東西。他認為，把狗活生生地釘入釘子而沒有任何麻醉，把「它」的腦打開研究「它」的神經系統，經過思考後是可以接受的，因為，不要以為「它」們是因痛苦而嚎叫，事實上，只是弄出些沒有知覺的噪音而已。

照片展示第三輯

迪卡爾（1596-1650），一位近代思潮的拓荒者，主張人類與動物徹底不同--後者只是物品或東西而已。動物，根據迪卡爾所見，只是一部機器，一部會自己動、不會思考、沒有感覺的東西。他認為，把狗活生生地釘入釘子而沒有任何麻醉，把「它」的腦打開研究「它」的神經系統，經過思考後是可以接受的，因為，不要以為「它」們是因痛苦而嚎叫，事實上，只是弄出些沒有知覺的噪音而已。

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這是生物醫學實驗室？還是奧許維次納粹集中營？（圖片來源不明）

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在生物研究實驗室當中，天竺鼠被用來做皮膚刺激物的實驗。（照片提供/PETA，1998）

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為了化妝品，在兔子身上做「德來塞」皮膚測試，地點在Mennen公司。（照片提供/PETA，1990's）

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老鼠的鼠蹊部動脈被割斷、頭蓋骨被打開來做有關偏頭痛的實驗。（照片摘自/"進入地獄之門"，IAAPEA，1980's。版權為Brian Gunn所有）

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老鼠的DNA被修改後，皮膚充滿皺折。他被用來做反老化的化妝品實驗。（照片提供/ COLORS no.19，1997）

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長期囚禁於狹小籠舍，使得動物出現如精神病患的行為，例如吃自己的排泄物。