『 陸軍武器 』－ (AAAV)兩棲攻擊裝甲戰車

克里斯Chris

Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle





  The Marine Corps plans to replace the amphibious assault vehicle with 1,013 advanced amphibious assault vehicles for $6.7 billion, including a $456-million increase due to a 2-year procurement delay. With a water speed of 23 to 29 miles per hour, the new vehicle could be launched from amphibious ships 25 miles or more offshore and reach shore far more quickly than the current vehicle. This improved mobility would reduce the risk to Navy ships from missiles, aircraft, boats, and mines. Until the new vehicle is fielded, beginning in 2008, the Marine Corps anticipates spending more to maintain the current vehicle.

The Marine Corps is developing the AAAV to replace the AAV as its primary combat vehicle for transporting troops on land and from ship to shore. The AAAV must satisfy many operational requirements, which will provide increased capabilities compared to the AAV and improve the ship-to-shore movement, thus allowing the Marine Corps and the Navy to more effectively implement OMFTS. Table 3.1 compares selected AAAV requirements with the AAV's current capabilities.

克里斯Chris

Comparison of Selected AAAV Requirements
                    With AAV's Current Capabilities

Function                        AAAV requirement    AAV capability
------------------------------  ------------------  ------------------
Water speed                     23-29 miles per     6-8 miles per hour
                                hour

Cross-country land speed        Keep up with main   15-20 miles per
                                battle tank, which  hour
                                travels at about
                                30 miles per hour

Range on water                  65 miles            45 miles

Range on land                   300 miles           300 miles

Troop-carrying capacity         18 combat-          18 combat-
                                equipped troops     equipped troops

Survivability (armor            Survive 14.5mm      Can only survive
protection)                     bullets without     14.5mm bullets if
                                attaching enhanced  enhanced armor
                                armor plating to    plating has been
                                vehicle's hull      attached to
                                                    vehicle's hull

Lethality (main armament)       Defeat light        40mm and .50
                                armored combat      caliber machine
                                vehicles of 2005-   guns, which cannot
                                2025 time frame     defeat light
                                during day and      armored combat
                                night while moving  vehicles of today

克里斯Chris

This is the U.S. Marine Corps only acquisition category (ACAT) I acquisition program. The Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAAV) represents the signature mission of the USMC. A truly amphibious vehicle that will replace the USMC's aging current system and provide the capability to maneuver, combat loaded with a Marine rifle squad, at 20-25 knots in the water and maneuver cross country with agility and mobility equal or greater than that of the M1 Main Battle Tank (MBT). The AAAV will virtually revolutionize every facet of USMC combat operations. It is one of the most capable all-around weapon systems in the world. The technology to meet these requirements has been demonstrated, and the plan to procure this system represents the most operationally effective solution for meeting USMC requirements.

The AAAV will allow the Navy and Marine Corps to seamlessly link maneuver in ships and maneuver ashore enabling Operational Maneuver From The Sea (OMFTS). The AAAV will be the principal means of armored protected land and water mobility and direct fire support for Marine infantry during combat operations. Based on this unique mission profile, the AAAV must leverage state of the art advances in water propulsion, land mobility, lethality and survivability. Lightweight components and structures that are cost and operationally effective and supportable together with a significantly more powerful engine are the primary technical challenges for the AAAV. There are currently 1,322 USMC Assault Amphibious Vehicles (AAV7A1 ) which will be replaced by 1,013 AAAVs beginning late in the first decade of the next century.

The Marine Corps has a requirement to procure 1,013 AAAVs. Prior to December 1994, the cost to develop and procure AAAVs was estimated at $7.2 billion (then-year dollars). Due to budget constraints, DOD reduced AAAV funding in the FYDP by $189 million in December 1994. As a result, the Marine Corps extended the demonstration and validation phase 22 months and delayed procurement by 2 years, which increased the program's cost by $456 million, to $7.6 billion. As a result, low-rate initial production has been delayed from fiscal year 2003 to 2005; initial operational capability from fiscal year 2006 to 2008; and full operational capability--fielding all required AAAVs to the active assault amphibian battalions and the maritime prepositioning squadrons--from fiscal year 2012 to 2014.

克里斯Chris

WeightEmpty: 62,880 Pounds (Less Fuel, Ammo, Crew, Infantry)
Combat Equipped: 74,500 Pounds (Full Fuel, Ammo, Crew, Infantry)
Reserve Buoyancy30% Center of Gravity:Longitudinal: 131 Inches Aft of Final Drive
Transverse: +/- 1.0 Inch of Vehicle Centerline
Vertical: 20.7 Inches Above Final Drive
Mean Transition Sea Water Draft : 80 Inches (Appx.)
Mean High Speed Configured Draft: 58 Inches (Appx.) Freeboard at Bow : 16 Inches (Appx.)
Freeboard at Stern : 14 Inches (Appx.)
Unit Ground PressureSoft Soil: 8.9 psi
Hard Surface: 24.4 psi
Fuel Capacity400 Gallons PERFORMANCEHorsepower (Sea) to Weight Ratio (Combat Equipped): 69.1 HP/Ton
Horsepower (Land) to Weight Ratio (Combat Equipped): 22.8 HP/Ton Drawbar Pull43,500 Pounds on Level, Firm Terrain
(Maximum at Stall Tractive Effort): RangeCruising Range - Land at 25 MPH: 300 Miles
Water at 20 knots: 65 Nautical Miles SpeedCruising Speed - Land: 20 to 30 MPH
Water: 20 Knots
Maximum Speed Forward - Land: 45 MPH
Water, High Speed: 25 Knots
Water, Transition Speed: 10.5 Knots
Maximum Speed Reverse - Land: 15 MPH
Water: 4.5 MPH Obstacle Ability8-Foot Trench Span, 3-Foot Vertical Wall
Maximum Forward Grade (Combat Equipped): 60%
Maximum Side Slope (Combat Equipped): 40%
Ground Clearance (Combat Equipped): 16 inches Minimum Turning RadiusLand: Pivot
Water, High Speed: 328 feet at 80% of top speed
Water, Transition: Pivot Objective Surf TransitNegotiate 8-Foot Plunging Surf Maintain Planing Speed in 3 Foot Significant Wave Height ENGINEMake: MTU
Model: MT883 Type4 Cycle, 12 Cylinder, 90?/FONT> Vee,
Water Cooled, Turbocharged Bore: 5.7 Inches
Stroke: 5.5 Inches
Displacement: 1669 Cubic Inches
Compression Ratio: 12.5:1
FuelMulti-fuel Rated Horsepower- Land : 850 @ 2600 RPM
Sea: 2575 @ 3300 RPM
Rated Torque - Land: 2626 ft-lbs @ 1700 RPM
Sea: 4098 ft-lbs @ 3300 RPM Oil Capacity33.3 Gallons, 15W-40 Oil Engine Coolant Capacity40 Gals., 50/50 Ethylene Glycol/Water POWER TRAIN Transmission: Allison Six Speed Transmission
Type: Hydrokinetic with Infinitely Variable Steering, HD World Transmission (WT), Packard Electronic Controls
Maximum Converter Torque Multiplication: 2.27:1

克里斯Chris

Gear Ratios Forward	First Speed: 6.370:1 Second Speed: 3.002:1 Third Speed: 2.074:1 Fourth Speed: 1.357:1 Fifth Speed: 1.037:1 Sixth Speed: 0.911:1 Equal Forward and Reverse Speeds Final Drive Ratios: 4.1176:1
Overall Maximum Torque Ratio	(Engine to Sprocket): 59.5:1
	Transmission Oil Capacity: 10 Gallons 15W-40 Oil Power Transfer Module Capacity: 10 Gallons 15W-40 Oil Final Drive Capacity: 1.8 Gallons Each, 15W-40 Oil
MARINE DRIVE TRAIN	Water Jet Pumps: Thrust: 22,794 Pounds Maximum (total) Quantity: 2 Location: Port and Starboard, Aft Steering and Reverse by Jet Deflectors
RUNNING GEAR	Type: Hydropneumatic Suspension, Front Sprocket, Raised Rear Idler Number of Wheels: 7 Rubber Tired, Dual per Side, 24 Inch Dia. Number of Return Idlers: 3 per Side
Sprocket	Number of Teeth: 11 Feet per Revolution 5.5 Number of Damped Stations: 3 per Side Number of Undamped Stations: 4 per Side Track: Aluminum, Double Pin, Rubber Bushed, with Replaceable Pads Number of Blocks: 103 Maximum per side Pitch: 6 Inches Weight per Block: 26.1 Pounds Maximum Weight per Side: 2688 Pounds Maximum Hub Capacity: 14 oz of 15w-40 Oil
ELECTRICAL	Nominal Voltage: 28VDC Generator: 1000 Amp, 28VDC
Battery:	Volts: 24 V Battery Packs (2x12V in Series) Type: OPTIMA 800U Quantity 2 Packs
COMMUNICATION	VEHICLE SYSTEM: Radio: 3 VHF 1 Multi-band (Incl. SATCOM) Intercom: Wireless headset
PROTECTION	14.5 mm AP at 300 Meters 155/152 mm Fragments at 15 Meters
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS	Automatic Fire Sensing and Suppression System (AFSSS) Number of Cylinders: 2, Engine/APU/Transmission Compartment 3, Crew Compartment Capacity: 8 lbs each for Engine/APU/Transmission One 10 lb, and Two 7 lb each for Crew Number of Sensors: 14 Portable Fire Extinguishers: Number: 2 Capacity: 2.5 lbs each Location: Behind Driver and Turret
VISION AND SIGHTING REQUIREMENT	Commander/Gunner: 360 Field of Vision Infantry Commander (IC): 120 Field of Vision Driver: 120 Field of Vision Combined IC and Driver: 270 Field of Vision Driver旧 Ground Intercept: 10 meters
CAPACITY	Cargo Space Volume: 350 Cubic Feet 5,000 lbs Cargo Capacity (in lieu of Marines)
PERSONNEL COMPLEMENT	Crew 3 (Commander, Gunner, Driver) Combat Equipped Marines: 17 (285 lbs person and gear)

克里斯Chris

ARMAMENT AND AMMUNITION
Main	Bushmaster II 30 mm Cannon Main-AP: Objective Ready Rounds: 50 Objective Stowed Rounds: 100 Main-HE: Objective Ready Rounds: 150 Objective Stowed Rounds: 300 Traverse: 360?/FONT> Continuous Elevation: +45?/FONT> , -10?/FONT>
Secondary:	M240 Machine Gun, 7.62 mm Coax Objective Ready Rounds: 800 Objective Stowed Rounds: 1600 Full Solution Fire Control
NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT	Position Locating Reporting System (PLRS) AN/VSQ-1 Global Positioning System (GPS) Compass
Smoke Grenade Launchers:	Hull: 16 Turret: 16
OTHER	Auxiliary Power Unit: 30 Horsepower Water Cooled Diesel: 10 KW Electric 3.5 GPM Hydraulic NBC/Climate Control Overpressure Micro-Climate/Macro-Climate Cooling
	Forward Looking Infrared Radar (FLIR) Hydraulic Capacity: 35 gals, MIL-H-46170 Air Conditioning Coolant: R-134a

克里斯Chris

AAAV分析圖

[ 本文最後由 jacklf2004 於 07-5-26 10:22 AM 編輯 ]

克里斯Chris

AAAV圖集

克里斯Chris

AAAV──美海軍新型兩棲突擊車

  美國通用動力公司地面系統部為美國海軍陸戰隊研制成功了一種先進的兩棲突擊車（AAAV）。

    AAAV兩棲突擊車設計新穎，在結構上采用滑行車體。滑行車體型車輛的水上運動與賽艇相似，不是靠浮力支持車體在水面上滑跑，從而使車輛獲得較高的速度。采用伸縮性液氣彈簧懸挂裝置，水上行駛時可回縮至緊貼車體位置，以此來減少滑行阻力，彈出后又便于陸上行駛。車體采用由鋁合金和玻璃纖維強化塑料制造的復合材料，并附加了一些鋁合金裝甲塊，防護能力很強。

    該突擊車戰時全重33．8噸，乘員3名，可搭載18名全副武裝的海軍陸戰隊員。該車陸上行駛能力和越野機動力可與M1“艾布拉姆斯”坦克相媲美，其最大時速可達72公里，最大陸上行程482公里。它的水上行駛時速可達46公里，最大行程120公里，大大優于現役的兩棲戰車。AAAV兩棲突擊車上裝備有一門30mm“大毒蛇”Ⅱ型機關炮和一挺7．62mmM240型并列機槍，此外還配有“陶”式反坦克導彈系統，其火控系統為全解式火控系統，車上的電子設備也十分先進，裝備有包括衛星通信在內的多波段無線電台、全球衛星定位系統、AN／VSQ─1型雷達等，具有較強的指揮控制能力，能較好地滿足未來戰爭的需要。

    AAAV兩棲突擊車的作戰特點是實現了超視距突擊登陸，突擊登陸部隊可在離岸40公里或更遠的艦船上下水，向敵海岸防御薄弱地域發起快速、突然的立體突擊登陸，從而使傳統的三階段兩棲突擊登陸方式（艦上機動、由艦到岸的機動和岸上機動）變為兩個階段，即艦上機動和由艦到岸上目標的機動，使突擊行動更加突然、迅速。