『 陸軍武器 』－ M113A2/A3式（AMEV） 裝甲醫療救護車

克里斯Chris

Armored Medical Evacuation Vehicle AMEV

The AMEV overcomes the casualty treatment shortcomings of the M113 Armored Personnel Carrier in the medical evacuation role by providing room for the medical attendant to monitor patient condition en-route, access stored medical equipment, and improved medical capabilities. Improvements in medical capabilities include an on-board oxygen production unit, a medical suction system, improved litter configuration, and provisions for a medical mentoring system. The AMEV will have the communications and situational awareness capabilities, compatible with the force it supports, which will be necessary to survive and provide support on the 21st Century battlefield.

An armored medical evacuation vehicle will correct known deficiencies in the currently used M113A2/A3 armored personnel carrier: inadequate casualty evacuation and treatment capacity; poor patient and attendant ride stabilization; limited patient in-transit support by medical aidmen; inadequate space for supplies, equipment, and personnel; and not being able to keep up with the units it supports on the battlefield.

The Army's Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations approved the Mission Need Statement for Medical Evacuation for Combat Casualty Care in December 1995. The AMEV ORD was approved by TRADOC on 18 October 96. This provided clearance for exploration of options and long range programming of funds for procurement. Options included wheeled armored vehicles, improved versions of the M113 family, a modified Bradley Fighting Vehicle and the Future Infantry Vehicle. An AMEV prototype participated in an Army Warfighting Experiment in 1997 to further define final configuration and specifications.

克里斯Chris

M113A4 Armored Medical Evacuation Vehicle AMEV

M113A4

The M113A4 Armored Medical Evacuation Vehicle represents the means to treat and evacuate combat casualties from Armor and Mechanized Infantry battalions on the 21st Century battlefield, while providing a standard of care similar to that in other modern medical evacuation vehicles and aircraft.

The M113 AMEV is equipped with the RISE power package consisting of the Detroit Diesel 400 hp 6V53TA engine coupled with the Allison X200-4A transmission, providing the power and reserve necessary to maintain pace with front line units. Complementing the M577A4 Armored Treatment Vehicle and sharing many common components, the M113A4 Armored Medical Evacuation Vehicle supports the required mission profile including:
accommodations for four litter or eight ambulatory patients
movable attendant's seat
an over pressure NBC air filtration system
patient support systems
engine noise reduction
Geneva Convention markings.

The high-mobility stretch chassis provides excellent cross-country capability and ride characteristics particularly important in this unique mission. In addition, the AMEV provides improved lighting and storage, digital communication interfaces and MSE link-up capability as well as three-net communication capability.

克里斯Chris

M2A0 Armored Medical Evacuation Vehicle AMEV

Recapitalization of M2A0 Bradley chassis is the most realistic, cost effective, and economical manner of replacing the aging M113 fleet. The M2A0 platform is modified by removing the turret, raising the roof, moving fuel tanks to the exterior, installing Bradley M2A2 armor protection and transmission TEC upgrade. The vehicle is further modified to meet medical requirements by incorporating 1) an oxygen distribution system, 2) litters for up to four personnel, 3) seating for up to eight ambulatory patients, 4) medical lighting, and 5) stowage for medical equipment.

The total Army requirement is 1,491 vehicles for all Force Packages. The FY02-07 unfunded requirement of $303.7M reflects the TRADOC sponsored Armored Systems Modernization Report recommendation to field AMEVs to 6 active divisions; 1 active ACR; Army Pre-positioned Stock (APS) 3,4,5; two enhanced Separate Brigades; and the training base (675 vehicles). An additional $4.4M is needed for the logistics tail in FY08 to complete fielding. The remaining 816 vehicles are estimated at $721.4 Million in the FY08-13 EPP.

克里斯Chris

M113醫療救護車 & 內部裝設

克里斯Chris

補充：

醫學研究與發展

美國陸軍醫學研究與器材司令部（USAMRMC）的司令員是陸軍醫療司令部的首席技術官員。他負責採用新技術加強戰場的醫療護理。通過把挽救生命的專家投送到前線，這些新技術將大大減少戰場的死亡。陸軍作戰衛生支援（CHS）科學技術計劃的主要目的有三點：第一，防止生病和受傷；第二，最佳的有力軍事力量保持；第三，治療傷病員。醫學科技投資的最大收益來自於確定能夠消除和處理危害健康因素的醫學對抗措施。這些因素包括生物醫學技術、信息和器材、環境損害、作戰壓力和進攻者的武器。

傷員護理
傷員生命救助和運送（LSTAT）系統

是1998年6月29日由美國食品與醫藥管理局批准的。LSTAT系統是北約組織的以擔架為基礎的小型救護裝置，具有在傷員後撤期間恢復傷員呼吸、維持傷員生命的能力，以便進行野外外科手術和醫療支援。諾斯羅普·格魯曼公司，在Walter Reed陸軍研究所和國防高級研究計劃局的幫助下，發展了LSTAT概念。陸軍享有LSTAT的專利權。陸軍、空軍和海軍陸戰隊正同諾斯羅普·格魯曼公司一道，進行該系統的作戰試驗和評價，並制訂三軍聯合使用計劃。

LSTAT系統可以提供完善的傷員護理，並較以往更接近戰場或出事地點；患者在用地面車輛、飛機、固定翼飛機和船隻運送到醫院之前及其過程中可在野外迅速使其狀態穩定。LSTAT系統引入了許多醫療護理用的裝置，包括：


·監測心率和呼吸速率、測定血樣和供氧的儀表；


·幫助呼吸的輸氧裝置;


·灌藥或灌注流質的灌輸泵；


·清理阻塞的氣管或腹腔用的抽氣泵；


·搶救病人用的自動外部去纖顫器。

傷員醫療數據記錄在LSTAT裝置上，可以通過數據鏈路傳到醫院或傷員救護中心。

克里斯Chris

裝甲醫療救護車（AMEV）　　現已被M2A0取代。

該車將取代重型部隊用作醫療救護平台的M113A2/A3式裝甲救護車。裝甲醫療救護車採用的是庫存中很多的M2A0式"佈雷德利"戰車。作為"佈雷德利"步兵戰車的一種變型車，裝甲醫療救護車克服了"沙漠盾牌"／"沙漠風暴"行動中發現的M113的一些缺點。它具有與被支援部隊相當的機動、生存和可維修能力。

其醫療能力包括可車上氧氣設備、抽吸裝置、存有必要藥品和裝備，可運載4名可以行走的傷患、4名擔架運送的傷員，3名車組成員。裝甲醫療救護車的設計工作開始於1997年10月，1998年2月在美國陸軍醫療救護會議上披露了該車的概念型。裝甲醫療救護車的樣車於1998年9月16日交付第四步兵師用於救護，並在1999年3月在國家訓練中心參加了99－05輪演習。在吸取在第四步兵師使用和在國家訓練中心演習的教訓基礎上，裝甲醫療救護車將作必要改進，準備在1999年9月進行概念試驗項目的試驗。