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回覆: 認識歷史學習英語
台灣民主國:抗拒日本統治的手段
當我們重新思考「台灣民主國」的歷史過往時,一個令人感到存疑的問題則是,一群毫
無民主理念的人,如何會想到要建構一個「民主國」,來凸顯台灣民眾的主體性角色,
以解決當前的困境。基本上,提供這個思考邏輯的一個關鍵性人物,則是當時正在法國
的欽差使臣王之春。正當南洋大臣張之洞以台灣作押向列強借款,或將台灣的礦利、稅
利許以列強,試圖透過台灣的「產權」不明問題,以列強勢力牽制日本,但卻不得要領
之際,王之春乃暗示「中國可援(西)例,聽台灣民自便」。據張之洞在該年四月二十
日發給總理衙門的電文中,曾引述王之春的來電說「西人公論,以普法之戰,普索法之
阿勒撒士(Alsace)及樂阿來那(Lorraine)二省,法不得不應。唯引西例,凡勒佔鄰
土,必視百姓從違,普不能駁;至今二省德、法兩籍相參,財產皆民自立,華可援近案
商倭…」。對於王之春的提案,以援引西人的觀念,建立一個新政府的形式來抗拒日本
的統治,當時的西方觀察家皆不禁感到好奇與驚訝。然而,以唐景崧為首民主國之主要
成員,只是考慮如何可以規避日本的接收,並非真正想要建構一個新政府。因此,這個
號稱是亞洲第一個民主共和國乃如曇花一現般地,瞬間便凋謝殞落了。以後,對於日本
的接收統治,就只能靠台灣民眾以或積極、或消極的模式繼續頑強抗拒。
The Taiwan Republic as a Means against Rule
When we ponder anew the history of the "Taiwan
Republic," we are puzzled by an enigma: how
could a group of people totally unschooled in
the idea of democracy want to establish a
"democratic republic" as a means to accentuate
Taiwan's autonomy and resolve its dilemma? In
answering this question a key may be provided
by Wang Chih-chuen, the Ching court's Imperial
Envoy to France at the time. When Chang Chih-tung,
the Governor-general at Nanking, was borrowing
money from the major world powers with Taiwan as
mortgage, or with "mining concession" and "tax
concession" in Taiwan in Exchange, this flirting
with them with the uncertainty of Taiwan's
"ownership" to curb Japanese ambition; and when
all this was to no avail, it was Wang who suggested
the following: "China should follow western
precedents and let the Taiwanese have what they
want." In a telegraph sent to the Tsungli Yamen
(Office of Foreign Affairs) by Chang on April 20,
Wang was gusted as saying: "It is a consensus in
the west that after the France-Prussian War, France
had to concede to Prussia's annexation of Alsace
and Lorraine. But according to western precedents,
in the process of annexing a neighboring territory,
the willingness of that territory's populace must be
taken into consideration. This is a universal rule.
Till now in Alsace and Lorraine the French and
German peoples have commingled without trouble,
their properties separately and distinctly owned.
China can use this example in dealing with
Japan...." Western observers were surprised by
Wang's utilization of western ideas in the effect
of establishing a new government to counter
Japanese rule. But the principal officials of the
Taiwan Republic headed by Tang were only concerned
about averting Japan's takeover; they were not
really devoted to establishing a new government.
Therefore, the so-called first democratic republic
of Asia was like a flash in the pan, collapsing in
no time. Afterward, in face of Japanese takeover
and colonial rule, all was to depend on Taiwanese
people's continual strong resistance, whether
overt or covert.
資料來源:台灣歷史學會 |
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